NURS 5315 (NURS5315)

Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals 2024/2025 already graded A+

Glucocorticoids - Can cause: osteoporosis, diabetes, weight gain *give biphosphontate if long term use Side effects of ED meds - Visual problems Hearing problems Can cause hypotension if given with nitrates Flomax (tamsulosin) - Treats: Pulmonary HTN BPH Side effects of testosterone - Edema, hepatoxicity, decreases HDL, increases LDL, prostate cancer, abuse potential Treatment for Rickets - Doxycycline, vit D and calcium supplements Alcoholics have what type of vitamin deficiency? - ...

HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - can use urine, saliva, or serum (most accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies, >99% accurate 4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard" measures P24 antigen can test 10 days post exposure Mast cell - Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective tisssue close to blood vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory process. Histamine - Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability, increases blood flow...

A patient in respiratory distress and is breathing 33 breaths per minute. Which ABG value is consistent with the clinical scenario? PCO2 15 pH 7.30 pH 7.45 O2 sat 100% A patient who is breathing 33 breaths per minute is hyperventilating and blowing off CO2; therefore the PCO2 level will be low. The patient will most likely experience a respiratory alkalosis and the two pH values provided are not consistent with this diagnosis. A patient has a sodium level of 115 mEq/L and is disoriente...

Atrophy - E. Cells decrease in size P. Still functional; imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation. Essentially there is an increase in the catabolism of intracellular organelles, reducing structural components of cell Physiologic: thymus gland in early childhood Pathological: disuse (muscle atrophy d/ decrease workload, pressure, use, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, or nervous stimulation) Hyperplasia - E: cells increase in number, mitosis (cell division) must oc...

E. Cells decrease in size P. Still functional; imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation. Essentially there is an increase in the catabolism of intracellular organelles, reducing structural components of cell Physiologic: thymus gland in early childhood Pathological: disuse (muscle atrophy d/ decrease workload, pressure, use, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, or nervous stimulation) - Atrophy E: cells increase in number, mitosis (cell division) must occur, size of c...

byproduct of aerobic metabolism - carbon dioxide (CO2) what enzyme converts CO2 to Carbonic acid H2CO3 - carbonic anhydrase _________ is a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism of glucose - lactic acid end product of oxidation of sulfur containing amino acids - sulfuric acid end product of metabolism of phosphoproteins and ribonucleotides which are used as an energy source - phosphoric acid __________ binds with 40% of calcium - albumin charge of albumin - negative what happens with albumin ...

Adaptive cellular mechanisms function to: a. treat disease b. protect cells from injury c. prevent cellular aging d. speed up cellular death - b. protect cells from injury Adaptive cellular mechanisms help cells adjust to environmental changes, thus protecting them from injury Cellular atrophy involves: a. an increase in cell size b. a decrease in cell size c. an increase in the number of cells d. a decrease in the number of cells - b. a decrease in the number of cells. An individual...

The characteristic vascular changes at the site of an injury produce: 1. blood vessel constriction after dilation. 2. increased permeability and leakage. 3. tightening of the capillary endothelial cell junctions. 4. pallor and swelling where the injury occurred.

traumatic brain injury (TBI) An insult to the brain not of degenerative or congenital nature but caused by external physical force May produce a diminished or altered state of consciousness Results in an impairment in cognitive abilities or physical functioning traumatic brain injury (TBI) epidemiology young males at highest risk chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) many hits to the head mild TBI (mTBI) concussion most common form of brain injury mild TBI (mTBI) symptoms headaches...

it is true that a eukaryotic cell. contains structures called organelles Eukaryotic cells contain organelles and histones, they have a well-defined nucleus, and are larger than prokaryotic cells. The function of a histone found in a eukaryotic cell focuses on cellular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) folding The histones are binding proteins that cause the supercoiling of DNA into chromosomes and do not affect cellular division, movement, or activities. An organelle that is responsible for th...