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Eisenberg Video Study - participants watched a video of a woman and her children who had been hurt in an accident and recovering in a hospital. While watching the video participants facial expressions and heart rate were measured Participants showed different responses - some an increase in heart rate and wincing expression (distress) - others heart rate deceleration and a sympathy expression (pinched and raised eyebrows and rounded mouth) People Likelihood of Participants helping in ...

What are the forces that make us more apt to help? - 1. Someone is a part of our group. 2. Costs are low to help. 3. We are the only one who can provide assistance. The Cunningham Relatedness Study - This survey questioned people on their willingness to help certain demographics. The Cunningham Relatedness Study Results - 70% of people were willing to help their parents, siblings, or kids; 60% of people were willing to help their grandparents; 40% of people were willing to help their c...

De Waal's critique of ("many") economists and politicians' model of human society - Economists believe that our purpose is to consume and produce- competition comes naturally to us. Empathy actually comes naturally to us and we are designed to socially connect to others Macho Origin 3 myths - 1) Our ancestors ruled the savanna-we come together in times of danger to be safe; security was the first reason for social life. 2) Human society is the voluntary creation of autonomous men-"we des...

Scientific Skepticism - ideas must be evaluated on the basis of careful logic and results from scientific investigations Intuition (folk wisdom/common sense) - accept based on personal experience or anecdote Intuition (illusory correlations) - focussing on two events that stand out and occur together Pseudoscience - scientific terms to substantiate claims without using scientific data Systematic empiricism - gathering information with structured observations Peer review - increase...

Attrition - Another word for mortality - People dropping out of studies Informed Consent - Potential participants should be provided with all the information that might influence their decision to participate In what types of research is multiple regression common - Personality, health, and longitudinal developmental research Regression Equation - y = bX + a Multiple Regression - Uses scores on one variable (the predictor) to predict changes in another variable (the criterion) ...

Age grade - socially defined age group in a society age norms - behavioral expectations, socially defined for each grade status - children have lower status than adults, middle aged people have higher status in the work force than people in later stages of life roles - each age plays a different role, and is expected to fulfill a certain role, ex: 20 year olds are not expected to be fully independent in the US, while 20 year olds in other cultures might be expected to do so. Social...

Originally, Magnetic Resonance Imaging was known by the name: - Nuclear magnetic reconance Three components necessary for MRI on a very basic level are: - Magnetic, nuclei, radiowave An advantage of MRI over Computed Tomography (CT) is: - Superior soft tissue contrast (resolution) A disadvantage of MRI compared to CT is: - Special (costly) site planning and shielding Magnetism is described as the ability of certain material to attract: - Iron, cobalt, nickel When symbolizing the f...

What is the weak law of effect? - responses that produce satisfying outcomes will be stamped in 3 parts to defining punishment - 1. a response must produce a consequence 2. the response must decrease in probability 3. the decrease in probability must occur bc the response produced the consequence When all 3 requirements of the punishment definition are met, we call the consequence a _____ - punisher What is recovery? - return to baseline level after punishment 5 examples of primary...

Naturalistic Fallacy - What is typical does not determine what is right (this behavior is "natural" (or evolved) therefore it is moral) BE AWARE OF THIS Why does evolution matter? - Can't assume we can make any moral system we want, but brains and culture are rooted in history & character of our species Motivational Autonomy - Biology determines what CAN be not what MUST be (brain and social structure are like building blocks and how they're put together is flexible) Primates - grou...

PHYS 1260 Exam 3 Review 2024