Biol 252 Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Using the example of membrane polarization, the concentration gradient of potassium is ___________ and the electrical gradient for cation movement is ______________. - ANSWER out of the cell. . . . . .. into the cell. In general, negative feedback loops best correlate with - ANSWER mechanisms to maintain homeostasis The simplest level of organization that is considered to be "living" is the: - ANSWER cell _____________ may be important for body functions, but is also associated with d...

chondrocytes - ANSWER cartilage cell tension - ANSWER force needed to stretch or change something compression - ANSWER to press or squeeze together torsion - ANSWER the twisting of a bodily organ

Liver - ANSWER produces bile for fat emulsion pancreas - ANSWER produces digestive enzymes. Accessory organ of the digestive system that is both an endocrine and exocrine gland components of bile - ANSWER minerals, bile pigments, bile acids (salts), phospholipids, cholesterol hepatic sinusoids - ANSWER blood filled channels between the layers of hepatocytes in the liver chymotrypsin and trypsin - ANSWER pancreatic enzymes that digest proteins hepatic lobules - ANSWER microscopic s...

CNS - ANSWER consists of the brain and spinal cord; processes information and determines if and how the body should respond by issuing commands to muscle and gland cells PNS - ANSWER a subdivision of the nervous system that is composed of all nerves and ganglia; divided into sensory and motor divisions Sensory (afferent) - ANSWER specialized neurons that detect stimulus (light, heat, pressure, and chemicals) and transmit information about them to the CNS motor (efferent) - ANSWER neuron...

Myocyte Muscle cell Sarcolemma Plasma membrane of myocyte Sarcoplasm Cytoplasm of myocyte Myofibril Tightly packed filament bundles found within skeletal muscle fibers. Contractional unit of a muscle cell. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Site of calcium storage in a muscle cell. Surrounds the myofibrils Transverse tubules (T-tubule) Inward extensions of the sarcolemma that dive into the muscle fiber and surround each myofibril to form a tunnel-like network within the muscle fiber Terminal cisternae...

Where would you expect to find dense regular elastic connective tissue? - ANSWER aorta What do you expect brown fat to produce low levels of given the cell's role in thermogeneration? - ANSWER ATP Where would you expect to find Fibrocartilage? - ANSWER Between the femur and tibia of the knee joint Which best describes why doctors recommend that women, who are prone to estrogen-dependent osteoperosis, take calcium suppliments? - ANSWER Women cannot make Ca2+, which is essential to maint...

Matrix, Ground Substance - ANSWER Extracellular Fluid Histiology - ANSWER The study of tissue and how they are arranged Squamous - ANSWER thin, scaly cells Fusiform - ANSWER Elongated, with a thick middle and thin ends, like in smooth muscle lumen - ANSWER internal space of an organ Epithelial tissue - ANSWER Consists of a flat sheet of closely spaced cells 8 types of epithelial tissue - ANSWER Simple: simple squamous, simple columnar, simple cuboidal, pseudo-stratified columna...

BIOL 252 Anatomy 2 Heart Questions and Answers (Complete Solution Guide) 2023 Heart questions and answers. The semilunar valves close during A) ventricular systole. B) ventricular diastole. C) atrial systole. D) atrial diastole. E) both atrial and ventricular systole. The semilunar valves close during A) ventricular systole. B) ventricular diastole. C) atrial systole. D) atrial diastole. E) both atrial and ventricular systole. The atrioventricular valves open during A) ventricu...

Summarize the differences between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems with regards to these factors: neurotransmitters, number of fibers, myelination, effectors, effect - ANSWER Somatic- Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter, one nerve fiber, myelinated all the way, skeletal muscle is the effector, the effect is always excitatory Autonomic- Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine are the neurotransmitters, two nerve fibers, preganglionic nerve fibers are myelinated, glands, smooth muscle, and...

Schwann cells - ANSWER produce myelin in PNS, one of the 6 types of neuroglia. Uniporter - ANSWER A carrier protein that transports a single molecule across the plasma membrane. antiporter - ANSWER A carrier protein that transports two molecules acrss the plasma membrane in opposite directions. symporter - ANSWER transporter that carries two different ions or small molecules, both in the same direction primary active transport - ANSWER Active transport that relies directly on the hyd...