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Intro to Physical Anthropology Exam 1 questions with correct answers
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Intro to Physical Anthropology Exam 1 questions with correct answers
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Intro to Physical Anthropology Exam 1locus - correct answer ✔✔A specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is
located.
evolution - correct answer ✔✔change over time in a population
phenotype - correct answer ✔✔physical expression of a gene
Measure of species success - correct answer ✔✔Ability to adapt, primarily
fitness - correct answer ✔✔Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
directional selection - correct answer ✔✔Natural selection in which individuals at one end of the
phenotypic range survive or reproduce more successfully than do other individuals.
disruptive selection - correct answer ✔✔Natural selection in which individuals on both extremes of a
phenotypic range survive or reproduce more successfully than do individuals with intermediate
phenotypes.
convergent evolution - correct answer ✔✔Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve
similarities when adapting to similar environments
gametogenesis - correct answer ✔✔the development and maturation of sex cells through meiosis
point mutation - correct answer ✔✔Gene mutation involving changes in one or a few nucleotides
karyotype - correct answer ✔✔A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.
, Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium - correct answer ✔✔theory of a stable, nonevolving population in which
frequency of alleles do not change; only occurs in large, isolated populations with random mating, and
no natural selection or mutations
- p^2+2pq+q^2=1
gene - correct answer ✔✔sequence of DNA base pairs; code for proteins, RNA, polypeptides; come in
pairs
Proteins - correct answer ✔✔packaged by RNA; basic building blocks
mRNA - correct answer ✔✔A type of RNA, synthesized from DNA, that attaches to ribosomes in the
cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein; also called messenger RNA.
tRNA - correct answer ✔✔short-chain RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties, each
variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein
chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell
Protein synthesis - correct answer ✔✔The process in which amino acids are arranged in a linear
sequence through the processes of transcription of DNA and to RNA and the translation of RNA to a
polypeptide chain.
transcription - correct answer ✔✔the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied
into mRNA
translation - correct answer ✔✔the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA
directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm
dominant allele - correct answer ✔✔An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the
allele is present
recessive allele - correct answer ✔✔An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present
polygenic trait - correct answer ✔✔Traits controlled by two or more genes
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