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Fisdap Unit Exam: Medical Emergencies
Questions and Correct Answers | Latest
Update
Questions to ask patients who OD
✓ -:- what did you take, when, how much, last oral intake, any precautions
taken, weight
Opiates and opioids
✓ -:- morphine, codeine, and heroin, methadone, oxycodone
hypoventilation, respiratory arrest, pinpoint pupils, sedation, coma, hypotension
sympathomimetics
✓ -:- epinephrine, albuterol, cocaine, methamphetamine
hypertension, tachycardia, dilated pupils, agitation, seizures, hyperthermia
sedative hypnotics
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✓ -:- diazepam, secobarbital, flunitrazepam, midazolam
slurred speech, sedation, coma, hypoventilation, hypotension
anticholinergics
✓ -:- atropine, diphenhydramine, chloropheniramine, doxylamine, datura
stramonium (jimsonweed)
tachycardia, hyperthermia, hypertension, dilated pupils, dry skin and mucous membranes,
sedation, agitation, seizures, coma, delirium, decreased bowel sounds
cholinergics
✓ -:- organophosphates, pilocarpine, nerve gas
airway compromise
SLUDGEM
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SLUDGEM
✓ -:- salivation, sweating
lacrimation
urination
defecation, drooling, diarrhea
gastric upset and cramps
emesis
muscle twitching/miosis (pinpoint pupils)
miosis
✓ -:- excessively constricted pupil, often bilateral after exposure to nerve
agents.
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Inhaled poisons
✓ -:- can cause hypoxia (CO), airway obstruction and pulmonary edema
(chlorine gas), burning eyes, sore throat, cough, chest pain, hoarseness,
wheezing, respiratory distress, dizziness, confusion, headache, stridor,
seizures, altered mental status,
treat by removing the patient from exposure and applying oxygen
some inhaled agents cause progressive lung damage and damage may not be evident for
several hours. It may take 2-3 days or more of ICU to restore normal lung function.
prompt transport, O2 via non rebreathing and possible positive pressure ventilation if
necessary. pulse oximetry readings may be inaccurate with inhaled poisons. suction if
necessary.
Absorbed and surface contact poisons
✓ -:- corrosive substances will damage the skin, mucous membranes, eyes,
cause chemical burns, rashes, or lesions,.
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