2024 MED-SURG TEST BANK REAL EXAM 450
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
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Terms in this set (201)
1. A nurse is reviewing the B. has fewer red blood cells than normal.The Hct is
hematologic test results the measure of the volume of red blood cells in
for a patient in whom the whole blood expressed as a percentage. This test is
hematocrit (Hct) is useful in the diagnosis of anemia, polycythemia, and
reported at a reading of abnormal hydration states. Patients who are
30%. Based on this result, susceptible to bleeding disorders likely will have a
the nurse should interpret low platelet count. The inflammatory response may
that the patient best be evaluated by examination of results that
A. is susceptible to include the white blood cell count with differential
bleeding disorders. analysis. Acute hemolytic crisis develops in patients
B. has fewer red blood receiving blood components in which incompatibility
cells than normal. C. is occurs or in patients with bleeding disorders or
experiencing an conditions that promote cellular damage, such as
inflammatory response. damage associated with shock.
D. is experiencing an
acute hemolytic crisis.
,1. The arterial blood gas D. 50 mm Hg and bicarbonate level of 30 mEq/L. If
(ABG) readings that compensation is present, carbon dioxide and
indicate compensated bicarbonate are abnormal (or nearly so) in opposite
respiratory acidosis are a directions (e.g., one is acidotic and the other alkalotic).
PaCO2 of
A. 30 mm Hg and
bicarbonate level of 24
mEq/L.
B. 30 mm Hg and
bicarbonate level of 30
mEq/L.
C. 50 mm Hg and
bicarbonate level of 20
mEq/L.
D. 50 mm Hg and
bicarbonate level of 30
mEq/L.
1. When assessing a A. Inspect the skin for petechiae. Any changes in the
patient's nutritional- skin's texture or color should be explored when
metabolic pattern related assessing the patient's nutritional-metabolic pattern
to hematologic health, the related to hematologic health. The presences of
nurse would: petechiae or ecchymotic areas could be indicative of
A. Inspect the skin for hematologic deficiencies related to poor nutritional
petechiae. intake or related causes.
B. Ask the patient about
joint pain.
C. Assess for vitamin C
deficiency.
D. Determine if the patient
can perform ADLs.
,2. A patient admitted to B. severe hypotension. Mediastinal shift may cause
the emergency compression of the lung in the direction of the shift
department with tension and compression, traction, torsion, or kinking of the
pneumothorax and great vessels. Blood return to the heart is dangerously
mediastinal shift following impaired and causes a subsequent decrease in
an automobile crash is cardiac output and blood pressure. Tachycardia is a
most likely to exhibit A. clinical manifestation of tension pneumothorax. An
bradycardia. uncovered opened pneumothorax is associated with a
B. severe hypotension. sucking chest wound and mediastinal flutter.
C. mediastinal flutter.
D. a sucking chest wound.
2. The nurse is caring for a B. 5 minutes Following obtaining an arterial blood gas,
patient with COPD and the nurse should hold pressure on the puncture site
pneumonia who has an for 5 minutes by the clock to be sure that bleeding
order for arterial blood has stopped. An artery is an elastic vessel under
gases to be drawn. Which higher pressure than veins, and significant blood loss
of the following is the or hematoma formation could occur if the time is
minimum length of time insufficient.
the nurse should plan to
hold pressure on the
puncture site?
A. 2 minutes
B. 5 minutes
C. 10 minutes
D. 15 minutes
, 2. When assessing lab D. Increased bands in the WBC differential (shift to the
values on a patient left) When infections are severe, such as in septicemia,
admitted with septicemia, more granulocytes are released from the bone
the nurse would expect to marrow as a compensatory mechanism. To meet the
find: increased demand, many young, immature
A. Increased platelets polymorphonuclear neutrophils (bands) are released
B. Decreased red blood into circulation. WBCs are usually reported in order of
cells maturity, with the less mature forms on the left side of
C. Decreased erythrocyte a written report. Hence, the term "shift to the left" is
sedimentation rate (ESR) used to denote an increase in the number of bands.
D. Increased bands in the
WBC differential (shift to
the left)
2. Which of the following B. Large hemorrhoids Gastrointestinal (GI) tract
is a factor significant in the bleeding is a common etiologic factor in men and
development of anemia in may result from peptic ulcers, hiatal hernia, gastritis,
men? cancer, hemorrhoids, diverticula, ulcerative colitis, or
A. Condom use salicylate poisoning.
B. Large hemorrhoids
C. A diet high in
cholesterol
D. Smoking one pack of
cigarettes daily
3. Following a patient's A. Application of firm pressure to the site After a bone
bone marrow aspiration, marrow aspiration procedure, a nurse should apply
which of the following pressure to the aspiration site until bleeding stops.
nursing interventions Application of a warm, moist compress will not alter
should a nurse anticipate? the potential for bleeding. Positioning the patient to
A. Application of firm assume a supine or prone position also will not
pressure to the site B. address the need to control bleeding from the
Positioning the patient in a aspiration site.
prone position
C. Positioning the patient
in a supine position
D. Application of a warm,
moist compress to the site
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