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Anatomy and Physiology, 21st Edition by Patton
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Anthony’s Textbook of Anatomy & Physiology 21st Edition Patton Test Bank
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TEST BANK For Anthony’s Textbook of Anatomy andPhysiology, 21st Edition by Patton
What are the meaning of the following terms?
Anatomy - ANSWER:The study of structures of the human body and the substances
these structures are made of. It is the science of the interconnected detail of
organisms or their parts.
Physiology - ANSWER:The study of the functions and activities performed by the
body structures, including physical and chemical processes.
Histology - ANSWER:Also known as microscopic anatomy, is the study of the
structure and composition of tissue.
Cells - ANSWER:The basic unit of all livings things, from bacteria to plants to animals
to human beings. Responsible for carrying out all life processes.
Protoplasm - ANSWER:Colorless, jelly-like substance in which nutrients such as
proteins, fats, carbs, mineral salts, and water are present. Necessary for cell growth,
reproduction, and self-repair.
Organelles - ANSWER:Smaller organs of the cell.
Nucleus - ANSWER:The dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell.
Important for cell reproduction and metabolism.
Nucleoplasm - ANSWER:Inside the nucleus, it is the fluid that contains proteins, and
DNA.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) - ANSWER:Determines our genetic makeup, including
color of our eyes, skin, and hair.
Mitochondria - ANSWER:Take in nutrients, break them down, and provide energy for
the cell.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - ANSWER:Chemical energy within mitochondria used
for metabolism.
Neurons (nerve cells) - ANSWER:Cells that are nerve cells, and transmit nerve
impulses.
Cell Membrance - ANSWER:Encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances
to enter and leave. It is selectively permeable, controlling the introduction of
beneficial substances and removal of waste and other substances that do not benefit
, the life of the cell. It protects the cell from its surroundings and communicates with
other cells, linking like cells together to form tissues.
Mitosis - ANSWER:Normal process of cell reproduction in human tissues that occurs
when the cell divides into two identical cells called daughter cells. For continued
growth and reproduction, cells need favorable conditions: adequate supply of
nutrients, oxygen, and water; suitable temperatures; and ability to eliminate waste
products. Unfavorable conditions include toxins (poisons), disease, and injury.
Cell Metabolism - ANSWER:The complex chemical process taking place in living
organisms; converts nutrients to energy and eliminates waste. Allows organisms to
grow and reproduce, respond to environments, and maintain their structures.
Tissue - ANSWER:A collection of similar cells that perform a particular function. Each
tissue has a specific function and can be recognized by its characteristic appearance.
There are four types.
Connective Tissue - ANSWER:Supports, protects, and binds together other tissues of
the body. Examples: bone, cartilage, ligament, tendon, fascia (which separates
muscles), and fat or adipose tissue.
Adipose Tissue - ANSWER:Stores energy and gives smoothness and contour to the
body.
Collagen and Elastin - ANSWER:Protein fibres that are also part of connective tissue.
Epithelial Tissue - ANSWER:Protective lining on cavities of the body and surfaces of
organs. Examples: skin, mucous membranes, linings of the heart, digestive and
respiratory organs, and glands.
Muscle Tissue - ANSWER:Contracts and moves various parts of the body.
Nerve Tissue - ANSWER:Carries messages through the central nervous system to
control and coordinate all bodily functions. Composed of special cells called neurons,
which make up the nerves, brain, and spinal cord.
Organs - ANSWER:Collection of tissues that have an identifiable structure and that
perform specific functions.
Body Systems - ANSWER:Groups of organs acting together for one or more functions.
Integumentary System - ANSWER:•Function: Largest organ of the body, first line of
defense against infection and water loss; regulates temperature, perceives
sensation, produces vitamin D; has absorption capabilities.
•Organs: Skin and accessary organs such as oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors,
hair, and nails.
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