GVPT170 FINAL UPDATED Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
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Course
GVPT170
Institution
GVPT170
GVPT170 FINAL UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Media Sources - Correct Answer- - print media
- radio
- TV
- internet
- social media (rise of citizen journalism)
How do Americans consume media? - Correct Answer- - often accidentally or when they're
not really paying attention
- ...
GVPT170 FINAL UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Media Sources - Correct Answer- - print media
- radio
- TV
- internet
- social media (rise of citizen journalism)
How do Americans consume media? - Correct Answer- - often accidentally or when they're
not really paying attention
- with so many media choices, people increasingly select media sources that offer a
perspective they agree with
- many media choices makes it less likely that the public has a shared media experience
What should the role of the media be? - Correct Answer- - ROLE 1: media should be
objective - decline of media institutions with fact-checkers, success of conservative media
outlets & personalized feeds, US historically had a partisan press
- ROLE 2: Media as watchdog for government and politics - historical role for media that
may be on the rise again, role of online media like social media, risks of polarization and
declining trust
- ROLE 3: Facilitate public debate - diversity of perspectives and free flow of ideas, but
concerns about facts and misinformation
Rules governing the media - Correct Answer- - First Amendment: Freedom of the Press,
exception in cases of sensitive material restrictions such as military information
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) - Correct Answer- - created in 1934 to regulate
electronic media through licensing and rules for broadcasting
- can NOT regulate print media
- regulates ownership and puts emphasis on media serving public interest
,Fairness Doctrine - Correct Answer- - FCC requirement from 1940s-1987
- required presentation of several points of view to ensure balanced coverage
Equal Time Rule - Correct Answer- - FCC rule
- requires equal airtime on non-news programming to all candidates running for an office
- ex - State of the Union and the response
selective perception - Correct Answer- People evaluate news from their own partisan
perspective
minimal effects theory - Correct Answer- the idea that the media have little effect on citizens
Selective Exposure - Correct Answer- pre existing attitudes influence what kind of news we
pay attention to
Selective retention - Correct Answer- people process and remember material that is consistent
with their preexisting ideas
Cognitive Consistency vs. Cognitive Dissonance - Correct Answer- people like to achieve
cognitive consistency so they process new information in ways they make it fit with their
existing ideas
Social learning theory - Correct Answer- viewers learn through observation and imitate what
they see in media
Agenda-setting - Correct Answer- the media decides which stories to cover, the public treats
those stories as the most important
Priming - Correct Answer- when the media affect the standards people use to evaluate
political figures or political problems
Framing - Correct Answer- when the media present the story in a way that encourages people
to think about the issue from one point of view as opposed to another
, U.S. Congress - Correct Answer- - bicameral legislature
- U.S. House: Seats allocated by population
- U.S. Senate: Seats allocated two per seat
Differences between the House and Senate: Elections and Constituencies - Correct Answer- -
House: district size of approximately 750,000, more homogenous constituency, urban areas
are well-represented, 2 year terms
- Senate: District is entire state so population size varies, more heteogeneous constituency,
rural areas are well-represented, 6 year terms
Differences between the House and the Senate: Size of the chamber - Correct Answer- -
House: 435 seats
- Senate: 100 seats
- Different size leads to: different rules for debate, different amounts of individual power,
different relationships between members
Drawing Congressional Districts: Reapportionment - Correct Answer- - also called
"apportionment"
- definition: allocation of House seats to the states after each Census
- Population shifts affect this
Drawing Congressional Districts: Redistricting - Correct Answer- - drawing new boundaries
of congressional districts
- responsibility of state legislatures in most states, but increasingly calls to reform the process
to make it less partisan by using bipartisan commissions or non-political map-makers
Drawing Congressional Districts: Gerrymandering - Correct Answer- - drawing boundaries of
congressional districts in order to advantage some partisan or political interest
- can produce oddly shaped districts
Race-based Redistricting - Correct Answer- - used to create majority-minority districts to
guarantee equal political rights for minorities
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