NUR 225 Burns Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 225
Institution
NUR 225
Why are young children/infants and older adults at risk for burns? -thinner skin
-immune system is immature in children
-immune system compromise and comorbidities in older adults
-children lack experience to understand risks
-older adults may have deficits or degeneration that can lead to risk...
Why are alkali chemical burns worse than acid? ✅because alkali is harder to
neutralize
What household products can cause chemical burns? ✅-drain cleaner
-lye
-ammonia
-oven cleaner
-toilet bowl cleaner
-dishwasher detergent
-bleach
,What is a smoke inhalation injury? ✅-breathing hot air or noxious chemicals
-causes damage to the respiratory tract
-major predictor of mortality in burn victims
-treat it quickly!!
Ex. Carbon monoxide poisoning or smoke from fires
What are electrical burns? ✅struck by lightening, touched high voltage wires
Entrance and exit wound
Can cause dysrhythmia, respiratory arrest
Bones can heat up and cause *thermal burn of muscle next to them* --> causing rhabdo
What is a cold thermal burn? ✅frostbite
What factors determine the outcome of a chemical burn? ✅-chemical concentration
-volume of chemical involved
-how long has the person been in contact with the chemical
What is the first action when treating a patient with a chemical burn? ✅remove clothing
that came in contact with chemical and irrigate area as soon as possible with water
Ex. Eye wash stations
After removing exposure to the chemical causing a burn, what is the next concern for
the nurse? ✅nurse must assess for progression of damage
What is carbon monoxide poisoning? ✅carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin blocking
oxygen (carboxyhemoglobinemia)
-causes hypoxemia and lactic acidosis
-requires supplement oxygen with non rebreather
-prognosis depends on length of exposure and level of carbon monoxide
What are the manifestations of carbon monoxide poisoning? ✅-cherry red skin, lips
, How is carbon monoxide poisoning treated? ✅100% oxygen nonrebreather
-hyperbaric oxygen chambers therapy, and peep.
Why is a pulse oximeter not helpful with carbon monoxide poisoning? ✅because it is
not a true reading of the carbon monoxide levels
-abgs required
What is an inhalation above the glottis? ✅mechanical obstruction, loose airway
Found with:
-facial burns
-neck burn
-difficulty swallowing
Edema obstructs airway
What is a concerning carbon monoxide level? ✅above 20
-indicates severe poisoning
What are the manifestations of a inhalation injury above the glottis? ✅-dyspnea
-difficulty swallowing
-redness, blistering around face and neck
-stridor
-hoarseness
-retractions
What treatment is required for an inhalation injury above the glottis? ✅prophyactic
intubation
What is inhalation injury below the glottis? ✅inhalation damage to the lung tissue,
leads to ards
-later manifestation 12-24 hours post injury
Which inhalation injury is may be a later manifestation that occurs 12-24 hours after
injury? ✅injury below the glottis, lower airway
What are the manifestations of inhalation injury below the glottis? ✅-singed nasal hair
-darkened mucosal membranes
-carbonaceous (dark) sputum
-dyspnea
-hoarseness
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