APhA Immunization Home Study || very Flawless.
Under the direction of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Healthy People
initiative has identified the following as a goal for 2030: correct answers Increase the proportion
of persons who are vaccinated annually against seasonal influenza
Which of the following diseases have been eradicated worldwide, allowing vaccination to be
discontinued? correct answers Smallpox
Which of the following is one of the five guidelines identified by the APhA Board of Trustees in
2019 to assist pharmacists in incorporating immunization activities into their practice? correct
answers Prevention
Opportunities for Advocacy and Collaboration include: correct answers Membership in state
immunization coalition to serve as an expert on policy and practice issues affecting pharmacy
Which of the following is an example of passive immunity?
a) contracting measles
b) maternal antibodies
c) Hepatitis B vaccine
d) skin barrier correct answers b) maternal antibodies
Children less than what age do not mount an adequate immune response to T-cell independent
immunity?
a) 5 years
b) 11 years
c) 2 years
d) 18 years correct answers c) 2 years
How long does it take for the immune system to provide protection by producing disease-specific
antibodies and memory cells?
a) 21 days
b) 7 days
c) 5 days
d) 14 days correct answers d) 14 days
The National Vaccine Advisory Committee 2013 Standards for Adult Immunization Practice and
the 2016 International Pharmaceutical Federation global report identify pharmacists as: correct
answers Integral to increasing vaccination rates
Which of the following is found in vaccines to evoke an immune response?
a) antigens
b) antibodies
c) macrophages
d) B cells correct answers a) antigens
,Why is spacing and timing of vaccines important?
a) memory T-cells interfere with immune response
b) circulating antibodies may interfere with immune response
c) antibodies interfere with inactive vaccines
d) antigen load may interfere with immune response correct answers b) circulating antibodies
may interfere with immune response
Which of the following vaccines listed is a live attenuated vaccine?
a) Varicella (VAR)
b) Recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV)
c) Hepatitis B
d) Hepatitis A correct answers a) Varicella (VAR)
Varicella (VAR) is a live attenuated vaccine. The remaining vaccines listed are types of
inactivated vaccines.
Which vaccine technology listed below is an ingredient added typically to inactivated vaccines to
boost its immune response by targeting pathogen recognition receptors that are expressed on
dendritic cells to trigger a pro-inflammatory response? Though this technology creates a more
robust immune response, it can also increase local site reactions and systemic reactions, such as
fevers, chills, and body aches.
a) Conjugation
b) Attenuation
c) mRNA technology
d) adjuvants correct answers d) Adjuvants
Adjuvants are developed and patented by manufacturers to produce a more robust immune
response to the vaccine. These ingredients target types of pathogen recognition receptors that,
when activated, trigger a pro-inflammatory response that enhances the body's adaptive immune
response. Because of the larger pro-inflammatory response, this vaccine technology will not only
provide a stronger immune response but also increase the likelihood of local and systemic
reactions.
Which of the following is true regarding the use of mRNA in vaccine technology?
a) mRNA vaccine technology requires replication similar to a live attenuated vaccine.
b) mRNA vaccine technology elicits its immune response and protects the host by altering the
host's DNA
c) mRNA is the genetic blueprint that tells your body how to make a particular protein subunit of
a virus which, after being produced, will elicit an immune response.
d) mRNA is extremely stable in a host's body. correct answers c) mRNA is the genetic blueprint
that tells your body how to make a particular protein subunit of a virus which, after being
produced, will elicit an immune response.
mRNA vaccine technology elicits an immune response in the host by entering the cytoplasm of a
host cell and providing a blueprint on how to create a particular protein subunit of a virus. Once
,produced, the protein will elicit an immune response. mRNA is unstable in the body. To protect
the mRNA, it is encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles. mRNA vaccines do not alter a host's DNA.
Which of the following statements is false regarding polysaccharide and conjugated vaccines?
a) The conjugate protein used, such as diphtheria, can also provide adequate protection against
itself in addition to the polysaccharide.
b) Conjugated vaccines can be used in children as young as 2 months of age because they
stimulate both B cell and T helper cell immune responses.
c) Conjugated vaccines link a polysaccharide to a protein that stimulates a wider immune
response.
d) Polysaccharide vaccines stimulate B cell or humoral responses only, reserving their use for
patients over 2 years of age.
e) Polysaccharide vaccines use carbohydrates found in the external capsule of the bacteria as
antigens. correct answers a) The conjugate protein used, such as diphtheria, can also provide
adequate protection against itself in addition to the polysaccharide.
Polysaccharide vaccines use a carbohydrate found in the external capsule of bacteria as antigens
and stimulate only a B cell response. Children younger than 2 years of age typically do not have
a mature enough immune system for polysaccharide vaccines to be effective. Conjugated
vaccines link a polysaccharide to a protein that boosts the immune response to the bacterial
carbohydrate. The presence of this protein stimulates both a B cell and T helper cell response,
allowing it to be used in children as young as 2 months of age. The conjugated protein does not
add additional protection to another antigen. For example, diphtheria conjugated with the
meningococcal vaccine (MCV4) does not add protection against diphtheria.
When administering measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
(PCV13) to a patient at their 15-month appointment, what must be considered regarding vaccine
spacing?
a) MMR and PCV13 should not be administered simultaneously. They must be separated by a
28-day minimum interval.
b) MMR and PCV13 may be administered simultaneously or must be separated by a 28-day
minimum interval.
c) Vaccines should never be administered simultaneously. As such these vaccines should be
separated by a 7-day minimum interval.
d) MMR and PCV13 may be administered simultaneously or at any interval between doses.
correct answers d) MMR and PCV13 may be administered simultaneously or at any interval
between doses.
Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) is a live attenuated vaccine and pneumococcal conjugate
vaccine (PCV13) is an inactivated vaccine. In general, an inactivated vaccine can be
administered either at the same clinic visit, or at any time before or after a different inactivated
vaccine or live vaccine.
The community pharmacist, while filling discharge orders from the hospital, recognizes a
patient's need for receiving the pneumococcal vaccine during a transition of care to a personal
care home. This is an example of what part of the patient care process?
, a) Access
b) Follow-Up, Monitor, and Evaluate
c) Assess
d) Implement correct answers c) Assess
The patient was screened using the data collected during their recent hospitalization. This
occurrence-based screening was triggered from the recent hospitalization. The next step in the
Patient Care Process is to create a plan and then implement it.
Star Pharmacy has been providing influenza vaccines for years and is now implementing a
Hepatitis B vaccine program in their pharmacy next month. A crucial step in the Pharmacists'
Patient Care Process for this vaccine is:
a) Review staffing levels
b) Create a reminder and recall system
c) Purchase the Hepatitis B vaccine
d) Plan a large marketing event correct answers b) Create a reminder and recall system
An important aspect of the Patient Care Process for a vaccine with multiple doses, such as
Hepatitis B, is to have a reminder and recall system in place. Patients need to be informed and
scheduled for subsequent doses prior to leaving from their initial appointment to ensure they
become fully vaccinated. This is part of the Follow-up, Monitor, Evaluate step of the Patient
Care Process.
Which of the following statements best meets the definition of precaution?
a) The risk of vaccinating outweighs the benefits from the vaccine and the patient cannot be
vaccinated.
b) A compelling indication for the patient to receive a vaccine.
c) A condition that may alter or diminish the patient's response or may increase the patient's risk
of a serious reaction to a vaccine.
d) Condition that will likely result in a severe, life-threatening event if the patient receives the
vaccine. correct answers c) A condition that may alter or diminish the patient's response or may
increase the patient's risk of a serious reaction to a vaccine
Precautions include conditions that may alter or diminish a response to a vaccine, when a patient
has a moderate or severe acute illness that might be difficult to diagnose if the patient
experiences side effects from the vaccine, or if giving the vaccine could increase the patient's risk
for a serious reaction to the vaccine. A precaution does not necessarily mean the patient cannot
be vaccinated.
An electronic prescription for glipizide 10mg is received by a pharmacist for a new patient. The
prescription indicates a diagnosis of E11, Type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition to filling the
prescription, the pharmacist could assess the patient for potential immunizations to recommend.
What form of assessment is the pharmacist utilizing?
a) Occurrence-based screening
b) Procedure-based screening
c) Diagnosis based screening
