HPEX 353 Chapter 9 || All Questions Answered Correctly.
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HPEX 353 Chapter 9
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HPEX 353 Chapter 9
Compare and contrast three spine deformities correct answers Lordosis - abnormal inward curvature of lumbar or lower spine. Sway-back. Obesity and osteoporosis can be contributing factor. Physical therapy and exercises to strengthen abdominal muscles can decrease lordosis.
Kyphosis - abnormal o...
HPEX 353 Chapter 9 || All Questions Answered Correctly.
Compare and contrast three spine deformities correct answers Lordosis - abnormal inward
curvature of lumbar or lower spine. Sway-back. Obesity and osteoporosis can be contributing
factor. Physical therapy and exercises to strengthen abdominal muscles can decrease lordosis.
Kyphosis - abnormal outward curvature of upper thoracic vertebrae. Humpback or round back.
Result of collapsed vertebrae from years or poor posture, degenerative arthritis, or following a
history of neuromuscular conditions. Responds to therapeutic massage.
Scoliosis - abnormal sideward curvature of spine to either left or right. Some rotation of vertebral
column may also appear. Often detected when clothing seems longer on one side than the other.
Or may notice hips and shoulders appear uneven.
depends on site of herniation. severe back pain worsens with motion. Paresthesia and restricted
neck mobility common. Coughing, sneezing, or bending intensifies pain and discomfort. The
sciatic nerve may be painful with application of pressure. Sciatic pain may begin as full ache and
progress to severe pain. Bad leg cramp last for weeks before it goes away (sciatic) because
herniated disk presses directly on nerve roots that become the sciatic nerve.
Diagnostic: client history. Confirmed if patient complains of sciatic pain when a straight-leg-
raising test. spinal x-rays, CT scans, and MRI may be ordered to confirm and determine level of
herniation. Myelography (show point of spinal compression caused by herniated disk) correct
answers Identify the common symptoms of intervertebral disk herniation and how it is diagnosed
Discuss how osteoporosis can be prevented correct answers Calcium-rich diet. Premenopausal
women at least 1,000mg calcium and 800mg vitamin D daily. Women over 65 increase calcium
to at least 1.500 mg daily. Person at risk may need to take more calcium and vitamin and
exercise 20min daily. DEXA screening recommended for women 65+.
Describe the etiology of osteomyelitis correct answers Acute or chronic infection of bone-
forming tissue. Infections characterized by inflammation, edema, and circulatory congestion of
bone marrow. Pus may form and sustained inflammatory pressure may cause fracturing of small
pieces of bone. Begins as acute infection but may evolve into chronic condition. Common in
children, especially boys.
Etiology: most often caused by trauma resulting in hematoma formation and acute bacterial
infection, particularly staphylococcus aureus. Viruses and fungi elsewhere in the body may
cause. Infectious microorganisms reach bone marrow through blood or by spreading from
infected adjacent tissue; they can be induced directly into bone tissue following physical trauma
or surgery. Commonly affects long bones of arms and legs. Spine and pelvis possible. Diabetes
mellitus may be predisposing bc poor circulation, as may prosthetic hardware within bone.
Individuals on hemodialysis, those with removed spleen, and those who illegally inject drugs are
also high risk.
Explain Paget Disease and the four methods of treatment correct answers Chronic metabolic
skeletal disease. Initial phase: high rate of bone turnover. Bone rapidly resorbed and replaced
, with bone of coarse, irregular inconsistency. Affected bone becomes enlarged and thicker but
more porous and weaker. Later phase: replacement of normal bone marrow with highly vascular
fibrous tissue. May occur on one bone or numerous sites throughout spine, pelvis, femur, skull,
and humerus. Occurs primarily in men, 40+ and increases with age, roughly 1% of American
adults.
Treatment:
1. Physical therapy to improve muscle strength
2. pharmacological therapy using biophosphates (suppress or reduce absorption by osterclasts) or
calcitonin (alternative to biophosphates). If can't respond to these, then acetaminophen or
NSAIDs.
3. pain management with analgesics
4. surgery (repairing fractures and performing knee and/or hip replacements)
Complementary Therapy: heat massage and adequate levels of vitamin D and calcium
Differentiate and basically illustrate between the eight types of fractures correct answers closed
Simple Fracture - break in bone with no external wound to skin
Open or compound fracture - break in bone which there is an open wound leading down to site of
fracture or in which a piece of broken bone protrudes through skin
Simple fracture - break in rib that is broken into two parts; likely occur from blow or direct shock
to the thorax
Comminuted fracture - break in which bone is broken or splintered into pieces, often with
fragments embedded in surrounding tissue
Impacted fracture - break in which bone is broken with one end forced into the interior of the
other
Incomplete partial fracture - break in which the fraction line does not include the whole bone
(stress fracture)
Greenstick fracture - break in which bone is partially bent and split, as a green stick or twig does
when bent; occurs most in children, especially who have rickets, or among soft-bone-adults.
Colles fracture - break in the end of the radius causing the wrist to extend and shorten; often
occurs when wrist is extended to break a fall
Describe the complementary therapies that can be used for both types of arthritis correct answers
Osteoarthritis - proper diet, nutrition, stress reduction. Reduce fatty meats, eggs, margarine, and
dairy. Eliminate caffeine, alc, tobacco, and sugar. Avoid carbonated drinks. Vitamin A,B,C,E
helpful. Meds and biofeedback for stress-reduction. OTC Glucosamine for reducing pain.
Acupuncture, low intensity exercise (yoga, walking, tai-chi)
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