Psychology-Dr. Forbey (Ball State University) Test One | Questions And Answers Latest
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What is psychology? - The scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting
behavior in a given context.
Biological Analysis - Consists of the study of biological fluid samples from the body: blood, urine, stool...
It is done in a medical test laboratory.
Cognitive Analysis - A framework that was developed to model complex sociotechnical work systems
Sociocultural Analysis - Helps in the understanding of how mental functioning is related to the various
cultural, institutional, and historical contexts.
What makes psychology challenging? - 1)Human behavior is difficult to predict because almost all
actions are multiply determined-> produced by many factors
2) psychological influences are rarely independent of each other, making it difficult to pin down which
cause or causes are operating
3) People differ from each other in thinking, emotion, personality and behavior
4) people often influence ache other, making psychology unimaginably more complicated then other
sciences (can isolate products)
5) people's behavior is often shaped by culture. cultural difference like individual difference place limits
on the generalizations that psychologist can draw about human nature
Naive Realism - A philosophy of mind rooted in a theory of perception that claims that the senses
provide us with direct awareness of the external world.
What is scientific theory? - A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is
acquired through the scientific method and repeatedly tested and confirmed, preferably using a written,
predefined, protocol of observations and experiments.
Confirmation bias - The tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one's existing beliefs or
theories.
, Belief perseverance - Is the tendency to cling to one's initial belief even after receiving new information
that contradicts or dis- confirms the basis of that belief.
Metaphysical claim - A branch of philosophy that tries to explain the fundamental nature of being and
the world, and attempts to clarify the fundamental notions by which people understand the world
What is pseudoscience? - A collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly regarded as being based on
scientific method.
Popular psychology - The concepts and theories about human mental life and behavior that are
purportedly based on psychology and that find credence among and pass muster with the populace.
Warning signs of pseudoscience - Exaggerated claims, Overreliance on anecdotes, Absence of
connectivity to other research, Lack of peer review, Lack of self correction, Psychobabble, Proof not
evidence, Apothenia
Ruling out rival hypotheses - Only one explanation is given for a certain claim
Correlation isn't causation - The thought that one thing causes the other
Falsifiability - The claim must be able to be proven wrong
Replicability - Claims must be able to be tested or replicated again
Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence - Large amounts of evidence must be at hand for
huge claims which are placed
Occam's Razor - Some claims are explained in a complicated way instead of simply
Scientific skepticism - Approach of evaluating all claims with an open mind but insisting on persuasive
evidence before accepting them
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