Portage NUR 251 - Pharmacology - Test
1
Pharmacology - correct answer Study of chemicals that alter the function of living
organisms.
Drugs can be used to: - correct answer 1. Prevent disease
2. Diagnose Disease
3. Cure disease
4. Treat symptoms of disease
Drugs have many different effects on the body including - correct answer (1)
Therapeutic effects
(2) Side effects
(3) Adverse effects
(4) Toxic effects
Therapeutic effect - correct answer desired drug effect to alleviate some
condition of symptom
Side effects - correct answer any effect other than the therapeutic effect that are
usually undesirable but not harmful
Adverse effect - correct answer general term for undesirable and potentially
harmful drug effect
Toxic effects - correct answer undesirable drug effect that implies drug
poisoning; can be very harmful or life-threatening
Mechanism of action - correct answer How a drug produces its effects
targeted sit of action - correct answer the location within the body where a drug
exerts its therapeutic effect, often a specific drug receptor
Receptors - correct answer specific cellular structures that a drug binds to in
order to produce a physiologic effect
Agonist receptor - correct answer works to activate a physiologic response or
drug effect
,Portage NUR 251 - Pharmacology - Test
1
Antagonist receptor - correct answer works to interfere with other drugs or
substances from producing a drug-effect
Dose-dependent relationship - correct answer basic principle of pharmacology
which states that the response to any drug depends on the amount of drug given
Onset of action - correct answer the time from the drug administration to the
first observable effect
Duration of action - correct answer the length of time that the drug continues to
produce its effect
Drug Names include - correct answer 1. Chemical Name
2. Describe the chemical composition and molecular structure
3. Generic name - nonproprietary name
4. Trade name - Owned by the producing company.
Classification of drugs based on similarities of properties - correct answer 1.
Structure - e.g. beta blockers
2. Use - e.g. antibiotics
Aqueous Preparations - correct answer syrups - a solution of water and sugar to
which a drug is added
Tablets - correct answer drug powders that have been compressed into
convenient form for swallowing. disintegrates in stomach more rapidly than most
other solid preparations
Troches and lozenges - correct answer flattened tablets that are allowed to
dissolve in the mouth
Capsules - correct answer Gelatin shells filled with powdered or liquid
medication
Delayed-release Products - correct answer Tablets or capsules that are treated
with a special coating designed so that the drug produces its effect over an
extended time
,Portage NUR 251 - Pharmacology - Test
1
Enteric Coated Products - correct answer Tablets that are coated with an acid-
resistant substance to prevent dissolution in the stomach
Suppositories - correct answer Drugs mixed with a substance that will melt at
body temperature when inserted into the rectum, urethra, or vag
Ointments - correct answer soft oily substances containing a drug that is applied
to the skin
Transdermal patch - correct answer the drug is released from a bandage or patch
and then is absorbed through the skin into the blood stream providing continuous
source of drug over 24 hours
Routes of Administration - correct answer The ways used to get a drug into the
tissues of the body, where they can produce their effects. The two main routes
are oral and parenteral.
Oral administration - correct answer route of drug administration by way of the
mouth through swallowing
Parenteral administration - correct answer route of drug administration that
does not involve the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
Routes of Drug Administration - correct answer
Phases of drug activity - correct answer (1) Pharmaceutical Phase -
administration of dosage form, dissolution of drug into body
(2) Pharmacokinetic Phase - absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
(3) Pharmacodynamic Phase - drug receptor interaction
Pharmaceutics - correct answer Study of how various dosage forms influence
how the drug effects the body.
Dissolution - correct answer When taken, how does it appear in the digestive
tract.
Pharmakinetics - correct answer Study of what the body does to the drug.
1. What happens to the drug when it is taken.
, Portage NUR 251 - Pharmacology - Test
1
2. Depends on how long drug is in the system.
(absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion)
Absorption - correct answer the movement of a drug from its site of
administration into the blood
Bioavailability - correct answer A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a
given drug and route (from 0% to 100%).
Distribution - correct answer transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of
action
Metabolism - correct answer the biochemical alteration of a drug into an inactive
metabolite, a more potent metabolite, or a less active metabolite
Substrates - correct answer a site where the enzyme acts
Enzyme inducer - correct answer stimulates more drug metabolism
Excretion - correct answer the elmination of drugs from the body
Biliary excretion - correct answer when some drugs are excreted through the
intestines
Half-life of a drug - correct answer time it takes 50% of a given drug to be
removed from the body
Steady state - correct answer the physiologic state in which the amount of drug
removed via elimination is equal to the amount absorbed with each dose
Pharmadynamics - correct answer Study of what the drug does to the body.
(drug receptor interaction - (1) receptiors, (2) enzymes, (3) nonselective)
A receptor is - correct answer a reactive site on the surface or inside a cell
Drug Receptor Interactions - correct answer (1) Agonist - Drug binds to the
receptor and there is a response
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