Exam (elaborations)
AP Statistics Review Detailed Questions And Expert Answers
- Course
- AP Statistics
- Institution
- New York University
AP Statistics Review Detailed Questions And Expert Answers
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AP Statistics Review Detailed Questions AndExpert Answers
Addition Rule - ANS P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(A) - P(A ∩ B) aids in computing the chances
of one of several events occurring at a given time.
Alpha (α) - ANS The probability of a Type I error. See significance level.
Alternative Hypothesis - ANS The hypothesis stating what the researcher is seeking
evidence of. A statement of inequality. It can be written looking for the difference
or change in one direction from the null hypothesis or both.
Association - ANS Relationship between or among variables.
Back-Transform - ANS The process by which values are substituted into a model of
transformed data, and then reversing the transforming process to obtain the
predicted value or model for nontransformed data.
Bar Chart - ANS A graphical display used with categorical data, where frequencies
for each category are shown in vertical bars.
Bell-Shaped - ANS Often used to describe the normal distribution. See mound-
shaped.
,Beta (β) - ANS The probability of a Type II error. See power.
Bias - ANS The term for systematic deviation from the truth (parameter), caused
by systematically favoring some outcomes over others.
Biased - ANS A sampling method is biased if it tends to produce samples that do
not represent the population.
Bimodal - ANS A distribution with two clear peaks.
Binomial Distribution - ANS The probability distribution of a binomial random
variable.
Binomial Random Variable - ANS A random variable x (a) that has a fixed number
of trials of a random phenomenon n, (b) that has only two possible outcomes on
each trial, (c) for which the probability of a success is constant for each trial, and
(d) for which each trial is independent of other trials.
Bins - ANS The intervals that define the "bars" of a histrogram.
Bivariate Data - ANS Consists of two variables, an explanatory and a response
variable, usually quantitative.
Blinding - ANS Practice of denying knowledge to subjects about which treatment is
imposed upon them.
, Blocks - ANS Subgroups of the experimental units that are separated by some
characteristic before treatments are assigned because they may respond
differently to the treatments.
Box-And-Whisker Plot/Boxplot - ANS A graphical display of the five-number
summary of a set of data, which also shows outliers.
Categorical Variable - ANS A variable recorded as labels, names, or other non-
numerical outcomes.
Census - ANS A study that observes, or attempts to observe, every individual in a
population.
Central Limit Theorem - ANS As the size n of a simple random sample increases,
the shape of the sampling distribution of x̄ tends toward being normally
distributed.
Chance Device - ANS A mechanism used to determine random outcomes.
Cluster Sample - ANS A sample in which a simple random sample of heterogeneous
subgroups of a population is selected.
Clusters - ANS Heterogeneous subgroups of a population.
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