Exam (elaborations)
Microbiology Lab UTA – Final Exam Questions and Answers
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Exam of 44 pages for the course Micro UTA at Micro UTA
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MICRO EXAM 4 UTA – PARKSQuestions and Answers
characteristics of infectious disease
✓ ~~~ -disease
✓ -infection
✓ -signs and symptoms
✓ -syndrome
✓ -signs and symptoms help direct towards diagnosis
✓ -some patients are asymptomatic/subclinical = only signs can be observed thru correct
testing
✓ *ex: patient w/herpes and no symptoms
disease
✓ ~~~ -a condition where normal structure and/or function are damaged or impaired
infection
✓ ~~~ -invasion of pathogen or parasite that lead to disease
✓ -evidence for infection comes from signs and symptoms
signs
✓ ~~~ -things that can be directly measured by clinician
-ex blood cell counts
symptoms
✓ ~~~ -things felt by patient that cannot be clinically measured
-ex nausea
syndrome
, ✓ ~~~ -groups of signs and symptoms that help indicate a particular disease
classification of disease
✓ ~~~ -WHO's international classification of diseases (IDC) is used globally to classify and
monitor diseases
-diseases can be: infectious, communicable, iatrogenic, nosocomial, zoonotic, non-
communicable, and non-infectious
infectious disease
✓ ~~~ -disease caused by direct effect of a pathogen
communicable disease
✓ ~~~ -capable of spreading person-to-person (contagious - easily spead)
iatrogenic disease
✓ ~~~ -disease acquired as result of medical procedure
nosocomial disease
✓ ~~~ -disease acquired from a hospital environment
zoonotic disease
✓ ~~~ -disease acquired from an animal
non-communicable disease
✓ ~~~ -disease obtained from non-living thing such as soil or contaminated object
,non-infectious disease
✓ ~~~ -disease not caused by pathogen
periods/stages of disease
✓ ~~~ -infectious disease follow 5 stages
1. incubation
2. prodromal
3. illness
4. decline
5. convalescence
incubation stage of disease
✓ ~~~ -initial entry of pathogen
-replication begins
prodromal stage of disease
✓ ~~~ -replication continues
-host shows signs and symptoms
illness stage of disease
✓ ~~~ -signs and symptoms are most severe in host
decline stage of disease
, ✓ ~~~ -pathogen number start to decrease
-host's immune system is weak and vulnerable to secondary infection
convalescence stage of disease
✓ ~~~ -host starts to recover
acute vs. chronic disease
✓ ~~~ -illness period can be variable
-acute disease
-chronic disease
-latent disease
acute disease
✓ ~~~ -relatively short
-hours, days, week
chronic disease
✓ ~~~ -longer time
-month, years, lifetime
latent disease
✓ ~~~ -comes in episodes
-pathogen replicates when disease is active
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