HESI Nutrition Exam 2025 Version Best Studying
Material with All Questions from Actual Exam and
Correct Answer
The nurse is teaching a client who has iron deficiency anemia about foods she should include in
the diet. The nurse determines that the client understands the dietary modifications if which
items are selected from the menu? ----------- Correct Answer ----------- Oranges and dark green
leafy vegetables
A 9-year-old child who has iron-deficiency anemia tells the school nurse, "I get dizzy in gym
class." What is the most likely explanation for this symptom?
1 Inflammation of the inner ear
2 Sudden drop in blood pressure
3 Insufficient cerebral oxygenation
4 Decreased level of serum glucose ----------- Correct Answer ----------- 3
A 17-year-old adolescent was recently found to have type 2 diabetes mellitus. What information
will the nurse include when providing education to the family?
1 "Your teen will need insulin injections for the rest of her life."
2 "The most important interventions are good nutrition and portion control."
3 "This is a condition where the body produces antibodies against its own cells."
4 "This condition causes weight loss and increased appetite, thirst, and urination." -----------
Correct Answer ----------- 2
A 17-year-old client is found to have anorexia nervosa. The psychiatrist, in conjunction with the
client and the parents, decides to institute a behavior modification program. What does the nurse
recall is a major component of behavior modification?
1 Rewarding positive behavior
2 Reducing necessary restrictions
3 Deconditioning fear of weight gain
4 Reducing anxiety-producing situations ----------- Correct Answer ----------- 1
A client describes abdominal discomfort following ingestion of milk. Which enzyme, as a result
of a genetic deficiency, should the nurse consider to be the cause of the client's discomfort?
1 Lactase
2 Sucrase
3 Maltase
4 Amylase ----------- Correct Answer ----------- 1
A client is receiving total parenteral nutrition. The nurse assesses for which client response that
indicates hyperglycemia?
1 Paralytic ileus
2 Respiratory rate below 16
3 A fruity odor to the breath
,4 Serum glucose of 105 mg/100 mL ----------- Correct Answer ----------- 3
When determining whether a client has anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, the nurse should
identify those characteristics that relate only to anorexia nervosa. Select all that apply. -----------
Correct Answer ----------- cachexia, delayed psychosexual development
A state of malnutrition with muscle wasting, weakness, and emaciation (cachexia) occurs with
anorexia nervosa; clients usually are 15% to 30% below ideal body weight. Many clients with
anorexia nervosa exhibit psychological symptoms, including a lack of age-appropriate interest in
sex and relationships. Recurrent episodes of the rapid consumption of a large amount of food in a
discrete period (binge eating) are associated with bulimia nervosa. Constipation can occur with
both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, usually because of a lack of adequate fluids and
intestinally stimulating foods. Clients with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa have intolerance
of cold caused from a loss of body fat.
to help prevent long-term complications associated with gastric bypass surgery, the nurse needs
to educate the client. Identify the factors that should be included in the nurse's teaching plan for
this client. Select all that apply. ----------- Correct Answer ----------- eat calcium foods, injections
of cyano, protein
Calcium deficiency is a late complication of bariatric surgery because of inadequate absorption,
even with an intake of calcium-rich foods; calcium supplementation may be necessary. Foods
high in protein exit the stomach more slowly than foods high in carbohydrates, minimizing the
dumping syndrome. Cyanocobalamin deficiency is a late complication of bariatric surgery
because of a lack of intrinsic factor; gastric secretion is necessary for the absorption of
cyanocobalamin. Lifelong supplementation may be necessary. Three small feedings daily will
not provide adequate calories and nutrients; six small feedings with a total of 600 to 800 calories
a day is routine once the client is eating. Clients need to increase, not limit, fluid intake; the
dumping syndrome contributes to diarrhea, which can cause dehydration and electrolyte
imbalance.
A pale, lethargic 1-year-old infant weighs 28 lb (12.7 kg) and has a hemoglobin level of 9 g/dL
(90 mmol/L). The parent tells the nurse that the infant refuses solid food when it is offered by
spoon and drinks between four and six full bottles of milk per day. What should the nurse
recommend? ----------- Correct Answer ----------- give finger foods
A diet of only milk is not sufficient to meet the infant's iron needs. Meat and fortified cereals are
high in iron. Finger foods are appropriate for older infants. At this age, weaning from the bottle
is not the issue; supplementary iron intake is. Although health care and monitoring will be
required, the metabolic clinic is not the appropriate referral. Although adding pureed baby foods
to the milk would increase iron intake, a large hole in the nipple of the bottle is not desirable at
this point.
duodenal ulcer pain ----------- Correct Answer ----------- relieved with eating
Duodenal ulcer pain is relieved with food and antacids and often awakens the client at night
when sleeping. Gastric ulcer pain is worse with eating or one hour after eating.
A nurse is assessing a malnourished client with a history of cirrhosis. The client is experiencing
nausea, ascites, and gastrointestinal bleeding. What is the primary cause of the client's ascites? --
, --------- Correct Answer ----------- A decrease in plasma protein to maintain adequate capillary-
tissue circulation
Malnutrition and liver damage lead to a reduced serum albumin level and failure of the capillary
fluid shift mechanism, resulting in ascites. Vitamins are unrelated to ascites. Iron promotes
hemoglobin synthesis, which is unrelated to cirrhosis. The sodium level usually is excessive with
cirrhosis.
A nurse provides dietary teaching for a client with an acute exacerbation of ulcerative colitis, and
afterward the client makes a list of foods that can be included on the diet. Which food choices
indicate that the teaching by the nurse is effective? Select all that apply. ----------- Correct
Answer ----------- jelly, roast beef, eggs
A jelly sandwich is low in residue and therefore is less irritating to the colon than other foods.
Lean roast beef is low in residue and therefore is less irritating to the colon than other foods.
Eggs are low in residue and therefore are less irritating to the colon than other foods. Orange
juice contains cellulose (fiber), which is not absorbed and irritates the colon. Milk in creamed
soup contains lactose, which is irritating to the colon
A client was admitted with full-thickness burns 2 weeks ago. Since admission, the client has lost
an average of 1 lb (0.5 kg) of weight each day. Which action will the nurse most likely take
based upon the adjusted dietary plan?
1 Provide low-sodium milk.
2 Provide high-protein drinks.
3 Provide foods that are low in potassium.
4 Provide 10% more calories in the form of fats. ----------- Correct Answer ----------- 2
A client who has had recurrent infections before and during pregnancy should be instructed to
eat a nutrient-rich diet as a means of supporting the body's natural defense mechanisms. What
should the nurse encourage the client to include in her diet?
1 Fat-soluble vitamins
2 Dietary fiber and oat bran
3 Low-fat foods with essential fatty acids
4 Vitamins C and E ----------- Correct Answer ----------- 4
A client with arthritis reports receiving several dietary suggestions over the years. Which
recommendation for a daily diet should the nurse reinforce?
1 Wheat germ and yeast
2 Yogurt and blackstrap molasses
3 Multiple vitamin supplements in large doses
4 Adequate foods in a variety of different food groups ----------- Correct Answer ----------- 4
A client with dementia and a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube is being cared for
at home. Which action provides evidence that a family member is effectively managing the
client's care?
1 Empty feeding bag stays attached to the tubing.
2 Tube is flushed with air after medication is given.
3 Replacement of the tube is done on a weekly basis.
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