During the identification process the purpose of first level
detail is: - ....ANSWER...To narrow the number of
possible donors
Hale's islands and branchings refer to major 2nd level
ridge path deviations found on the friction ridges known
as: - ....ANSWER...Islands and bifurcations
When two bifurcations form on the same ridge facing each
other and their branches join, the formation is called: -
....ANSWER...An Enclosure
,When two bifurcations develop next to each other on the
same ridge - ....ANSWER...Trifurcation
Friction ridges flow in concert. When a ridge ends the two
adjacent ridges: - ....ANSWER...Flow together to fill the
void
Third level ridge details: - ....ANSWER...Have tremendous
individualizing power
Poor quality prints that are not easy to compare fall into
what may be described as a gray area. The size of a gray
area and the number of prints that will fall into this area is
dependent on examiner: - ....ANSWER...1. Training and
experience
2. Ability and skill
3. Knowledge
"Palmar flexion crease identification is established through
the agreement of flexion creases in sequence having
sufficient uniqueness to individualize" -
....ANSWER...This is a simple phrase to describe the
philosophy of palmar flexion crease
,The method of palmar flexion crease identification: -
....ANSWER...Follows the ACE-V formula
Comparison tests involving palmar flexion creases and
their results have been performed and were reported in
1991 by: - ....ANSWER...New Scotland Yard
In testifying to fingerprint identification, the expert often
prepares charts to visually aid the court and jury in
understanding the nature of his/her testimony. The
preparation of the chart: - ....ANSWER...Is often a
collaborative effort by the examiner and district attorney
Any chart presented must be technically correct: That is
the corresponding ridge characteristics in the two prints
must be similarly numbered and indicated: -
....ANSWER...Twelve ridge characteristics are ample to
illustrate an identification, but it is neither claimed nor
implied that this number is required
A chart will present a clearer, neater, and more pleasing
appearance if it is numbered: - ....ANSWER...Clockwise
and the numbered are evenly spaced
, Has always been a part of friction ridge comparison, but its
use an independent identification science is not feasible -
....ANSWER...Edgeoscopy
Was originally coined by Salil K. Chatterjee in a paper
published in "Finger Print and Identification Magazine" ,
September 1962 issue. - ....ANSWER...Edgeoscopy
Involves the use of edge shapes during comparison and
does not require the shape to be classified. One shape is
compared to another and found to be consistent or not. -
....ANSWER...Edgeoscopy
Ridgeology can be deined as the study of the uniqueness of
friction ridge structures and their use for personal
identification. The scientific knowledge supporting
ridgeology has been extracted from various related
sciences such as: - ....ANSWER...1. Genetics
2. Anatomy
3. Embryology
Ridgeology was coined in 1983 by: - ....ANSWER...David
Ashbaugh
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