alleles - The different forms of a gene. Y and y are different alleles of the gene that determines seed
color. Alleles occupy the same locus, or position, on chromosomes.
autosome - Any chromosome that is NOT a sex chromosome.
co-dominant alleles - Two different alleles at a locus are responsible for different phenotypes, and both
alleles affect the phenotype of the heterozygote.
dominant trait - A trait expressed in the phenotype if the dominant allele is present in the genotype.
F1 generation - Offspring of a cross between the parental (P1) generation.
F2 generation - Offspring of a cross involving the F1 generation.
genotype - The genetic constitution of an organims with respect to a trait. For a single trait on an
autosome, an individual can be homozygous for the dominant trait, heterozygous, or homozygous for
the recessive trait. Yellow seeds are dominant, but yellow seeded plants could have a genotype of either
YY or Yy.
heterozygous - differing alleles for a trait in an individual such as Rr.
homologous chromosomes - The pair of chromosomes in a diploid individual that have the same overall
genetic content. One member of each homologous pair of chromosomes inherited from each parent.
homozygous - Both alleles for a trait are the same in an individual. They can be homozygous dominant
(YY), or homozygous recessive (yy).
Incomplete dominance - Intermediate phenotype in F1, parental phenotypes reappear in F2.
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