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Exam (elaborations)

PALS Exam Questions With detailed Solutions

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Decreased or asymmetrical chest expansion may result from: - CORRECT ANSWER-inadequate effort, airway obstruction, atelectasis, pneumothorax, hemothorax, pleural effusion, mucous plug or foreign-body aspiration Lung and airway sounds - CORRECT ANSWER-Stridor - higher pitched inspiration...upper ...

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  • August 9, 2024
  • 24
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • PALS
  • PALS
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PALS Exam Questions With detailed
Solutions

Decreased or asymmetrical chest expansion may result from: - CORRECT ANSWER-
inadequate effort, airway obstruction, atelectasis, pneumothorax, hemothorax, pleural
effusion, mucous plug or foreign-body aspiration



Lung and airway sounds - CORRECT ANSWER-Stridor - higher pitched
inspiration...upper airway obstruction



Snoring



Grunting - short,low-pitched sound expiration - partially closed glottis



Gurgling - inspiration or expiration from upper airway obstruction due to airway
secretions, vomit or blood



Wheezing - high pitched or low pitched during expiration...lower airway obstruction



Crackles/rales - inspiration



Hypoxemia is O2 sat less than - CORRECT ANSWER-94%



Signs of increased respiratory effort - CORRECT ANSWER-nasal flaring

seesaw respirations

retractions

head bobbing (use of accessory muscles)



How to calculate respiratory rate - CORRECT ANSWER-count number of times chest
rises in 30 seconds and multiply by 2

,(sleeping infants have respiratory pauses up to 10-15 seconds, so must do 30 second
intervals)



Define apnea - CORRECT ANSWER-breathing stops for longer than 20 seconds



First sign of respiratory distress in infants - CORRECT ANSWER-tachypnea



Normal systolic blood pressure for children 1-10 years old - CORRECT ANSWER-90
mmHg + (2x age in years)



Hypotension systolic blood pressure in children 1-10 years old - CORRECT ANSWER-
less than 70 mmHg + (2x age in years)



Automated blood pressure cuffs may provide inaccurately ____ readings when child is
in shock - CORRECT ANSWER-high



Normal capillary refill time - CORRECT ANSWER-less than 2 seconds



Prolonged capillary refill time indicates - CORRECT ANSWER-low cardiac output



An exaggerated difference in quality between central and peripheral pulses occurs
when - CORRECT ANSWER-peripheral vasoconstriction is associated with shock



Central pulse locations - CORRECT ANSWER-femoral, brachial (in infants), carotid ( in
older children) and axillary



Peripheral pulse locations - CORRECT ANSWER-radial, dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial



Cold environment and pulses - CORRECT ANSWER-Peripheral may be weak due to
peripheral vasoconstriction

, but central should remain strong



Which side of your hand to assess temperature - CORRECT ANSWER-back (palm has
thicker skin)



Poor pupil response to light indicated - CORRECT ANSWER-increased ICP



should be equal pupil sizes and not dilated



(both pupils should constrict to light even if light only shined in one eye)



Define hypoglycemia - CORRECT ANSWER-Newborn less than 45 mg/dL

Child less than 60 mg/dL



Hypoglycemia can result in...if not recognized - CORRECT ANSWER-brain injury



(remember brain uses glucose)



To assess a child's level of consciousness, use - CORRECT ANSWER-Alert

Voice response

Pain response (like sternal rub)

Unresponsive



Mnemonic for secondary assessment - CORRECT ANSWER-Signs and symptoms

Allergies

Medications

Past medical history

Last meal

Events

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