Praxis II general science (material on the Praxis II general science exam) Exam with Complete Solutions
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Course
Praxis 2
Institution
Praxis 2
Praxis II general science (material on the Praxis II
general science exam) Exam with Complete Solutions
matter Correct answer-anything that has mass and occupies volume
made up of atoms and molecules
Lab Safety Rules (12) Correct answer-1. Report all accidents
2. Clear pathways
3. No loose h...
Praxis II general science (material on the Praxis II
general science exam) Exam with Complete Solutions
matter Correct answer-anything that has mass and occupies volume
made up of atoms and molecules
Lab Safety Rules (12) Correct answer-1. Report all accidents
2. Clear pathways
3. No loose hair or clothing
4. Read instructions
5. No tasting or smelling
6. Wear safety goggles
7. Do not look into a test tube while heating
8. No solids in sink
9. Clean station before leaving
10. No acrylic nails
11. Do no lift liquids above eye level
12. No eating or drinking
ions Correct answer-formed when atoms, or groups of atoms, lose or gain electrons.
Metallic ions Correct answer-lose some of their electrons to form positively charged ions.
, Praxis II general science (material on the Praxis II
general science exam) Exam with Complete Solutions
non-metallic ions Correct answer-gain electrons and form negatively charged ions,
physical properties of matter (9) Correct answer-changes do not produce a new
substance
Intensive: the same regardless of the amount
* density: m/v
* color: The pigment or shade
* conductivity: electricity to flow through the substance
* malleability: if a substance can be flattened
* luster: how shiny the substance looks
melting and freezing point
Extensive: will change if the amount changes.
* mass: how much matter in the sample
* volume: How much space the sample takes up
* length: How long the sample is
chemical properties of matter (10) Correct answer-any quality that can be established
only by changing a substance's chemical identity
* Reactivity against other chemical substances
* Heat of combustion
* Enthalpy of formation
* Toxicity
, Praxis II general science (material on the Praxis II
general science exam) Exam with Complete Solutions
* Chemical stability in a given environment
* Flammability
* Preferred oxidation state(s)
* Coordination number
* Capability to undergo a certain set of transformations, for ex chemical combination, redox
reactions
* Preferred types of chemical bonds to form, for example metallic, ionic, covalent
Pure Substance Correct answer-no separation by physical means
A substance made of only one kind of matter and having definite properties.
Chemical Element Correct answer-Pure chemical substance consisting of one type of
atom distinguished by its atomic number, which is the number of protons in its nucleus
chemical compound Correct answer-pure chemical substance consisting of two or more
different chemical elements that can be separated into simpler substances by chemical
reactions
Solutions Correct answer-molecules that are mixed up in a completely even distribution,
homogenous systems
A mixture where substances are distributed evenly. Has a solvent & solute.
, Praxis II general science (material on the Praxis II
general science exam) Exam with Complete Solutions
Mixture Correct answer-Substances held together by physical forces, not chemical, can
be homogeneous and heterogeneous
Elements Correct answer-pure chemical substance, one type of atom, distinguished by its
atomic number (Z), the number of protons in its nucleus
# of protons determines chemical properties
Mass number (A) is the number of nucleons (p+N) in nucleus
Oxygen most abundant on earth,
Hydrogen most abundant in universe
Elements with atomic numbers 83 or higher are inherently unstable, and undergo radioactive
decay
Heavier elements were mostly produced much later, inside stars.
chemical change (11) Correct answer-* Decomposition
* Neutralization (Mixing acid+base=water and a salt).
* Photosynthesis -co2 and water are changed into sugars.
* Cooking examples: cake, pancakes, and eggs/bacon
* Oxidation examples: rust or tarnishing
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