UConn Biology 1108 Lecture Exam 1
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1. A scientific theory: : - Is built using inductive logic
- Is 'unprovable but falsifiable'
- Describes a lot with just a little (a model of few parts) - Makes predictions about future observations
- Scientific Method (Lab this week!)
2. Genetic variation: : differences in DNA sequences
3. What can cause genetic variation? : A mutation...
- Somatic - Germ-line
and they can be:
- Deleterious
- Neutral
- Advantageous
then recombination gives new combinations not present in parent population
4. Allele Frequencies : Allele Frequency = # of copies of an allele/ total # of alleles in population
5. Example : A population of 100 pea plants has the following genotype fre-
quencies:
50% aa, 25% Aa, 25% AA
What is the frequency of a? : • 100 a copies for the aa group • 25 a copies for the Aa group • 0 a copies in the AA group
• Total 125 copies of a out of 200 total alleles
• Frequency of a in this pop'n is 125/200 or 62.5%
6. The square roots of 0.5 and 0.25 do not add to 1! : Because I made them up... if they do not add to 1, then you have:
not accounted for all of the alleles
or
you have not measured the freq. correctly
or
both of these
7. Gel Electrophoresis : 8. Conditions/assumptions of HW: : - No differential survival or reproductive suc-
cess of individuals.
- No migration. UConn Biology 1108 Lecture Exam 1
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- No mutation.
- Large population size. - No mate choice.
9. Natural selection is a cornerstone of modern evolutionary theory : 1. Individ-
uals in a population vary in their traits 2. Some of these differences are heritable
3. More offspring are produced than can survive, and only some of these will survive long enough to reproduce
4. Individuals with certain heritable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce
10. Other Factors besides natural selection that cause changes in allele fre-
quencies?: • Migration
• Mutation
• Genetic Drift
• ALL of these are non-adaptive!
11. Causes of microevolution involve relaxing the assumptions of the H-W Equilibrium: - Small populations - Immigration/emigration - Mutation
- Nonrandom mating - Natural selection
12. Small population instead of large : Small pop'ns have trouble with drift (random change in allele availability) because random events have disproportionately heavy impact
• Losing 10 out of 20 is hard, but 10 out of 200 not so much
13. Genetic drift : a random change in an allele frequency
Drift leads to the loss (or gain) of random alleles and therefore a decrease (or an increase) in genetic variability
14. Why does drift severely impact small pop'ns? : - Small pop'ns have fewer individuals to reproduce, - not all allele combinations reproduce in any given breeding,
- some individuals die off,
15. Genetic drift: Founder Effect : occurs when a group starts a new population in a new area.
16. Genetic drift: Population bottleneck : A sudden decrease in population size is called a population bottleneck.
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