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Digital Humanities Midterm Exam With Complete Solutions Latest Update
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Digital Humanities Midterm Exam With Complete SolutionsLatest Update
Activity - correct answers a game is an activity, a process, an event;
Decision-makers - correct answers games require players actively making decisions
Objectives - correct answers as with Parlett's definition, games have goals;
Limiting-context - correct answers there are rules that limit and structure the activity of the game.
David Parlett - correct answers Parlett begins by distinguishing between formal and informal games.
An informal game is merely undirected
play, or 'playing around,' as when children or puppies play at rough and tumble.
,A formal game has a twofold structure based on ends and means:
Ends.
It is a contest to achieve an objective.(The Greek for game is agôn, meaning contest.)
Only one of the contenders, be they individuals or teams, can achieve it, since achieving it
ends the game. To achieve that object is to win. Hence a formal game, by definition, has a
winner; and winning is the "end" of the game in both senses of the word, as termination and
as object.
Means.
It has an agreed set of equipment and of procedural "rules" by which the equipment is
manipulated to produce a winning situation
Clark C. Abt - correct answers Reduced to its formal essence, a game is an
activity among two or more independent
decision-makers seeking to achieve their
objectives in some limiting context. A more
,conventional definition would say that a game is a context with rules among adversaries trying to win
objectives.
Johann Huizinga - correct answers [Play is] a free activity standing quite consciously outside "ordi-nary"life as
being "not
serious,"but at the same time absorbing the player intensely and utterly. It is an activity
connected with no material interest, and no profit can be gained by it. It proceeds within its
own proper boundaries of time and space according to fixed rules and in an orderly manner. It
promotes the formation of social groupings, which tend to surround themselves with secrecy
and to stress their difference from the common world by disguise or other means
is "not serious";
∑
is utterly absorbing;
∑
is not to be associated with material interest or profit;
∑
, takes place in its own boundaries of time and space;
∑
proceeds according to rules;
∑
creates social groups that separate themselves from the outside world
Roger Caillios - correct answers Free:
in which playing is not obligatory; if it were, it would at once lose its attractive and joyous
quality as diversion;
∑
Separate:
circumscribed within limits of space and time, defined and fixed in advance
Uncertain:
the course of which cannot be determined, nor the result attained beforehand, and some
latitude for innovations being left to the player's initiative;
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