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Kuby Immunology Exam 1 (Ch. 1-5).
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Kuby Immunology Exam 1 (Ch. 1-5).
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Kuby Immunology Exam 1 (Ch. 1-5)1. A(n) ____ is a molecule that is used by immune cells for communication.
A. chemoattractant
B. chemokine
C. cytokine
D. interleukin
E. All of the above - ANS-Answer: E
Section: Introduction
Difficulty: 1
Hint: Immune cells use several cell types to communicate, activate, and regulate each
other.
1. All blood cells in an adult human can trace their ancestry to which compartment
within the body?
A. Thymus
B. Bone marrow
C. Lymph node
D. Peyer's patch
E. None of the above - ANS-Answer: B
Section: Cells of the Immune System
Difficulty: 1
Hint: Which of the above is a reservoir of stem cells?
1. Which of the following is NOT entirely a response of the innate immune system?
A. Phagocytosis by macrophages
B. Protection from infection by the skin
C. Low pH in the stomach
D. Antibody mediated complement activation
E. Microbial cell lysis by defensin - ANS-Answer: D
Section: Introduction
Difficulty: 2
Hint: What makes antibodies?
1. Which of the following types of bonds would be LEAST likely in a receptor-ligand
interaction?
,A. Ionic bond
B. Covalent bond
C. Hydrogen bond
D. Hydrophobic interaction
E. Ionic bond - ANS-Answer: B
Section: Receptor-Ligand Interactions
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Most receptor ligand interactions can be disrupted with high salt concentrations.
10. From which of the following stem cells are RBCs derived?
A. CLP
B. CMP
C. CEP
D. Both A and B
E. None of the above - ANS-Answer: C
Section: Cells of the Immune System
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Know which stem cells give rise to which effectors; DCs are tricky.
10. Match the following toll-like receptors with their ligands.
TLR Ligands
TLR3 Flagellin
TLR4 Zymosan
TLR5 dsRNA
TLR6 CpG unmethylated dinucleotides
TLR9 LPS
A. TLR3/LPS; TLR4/CpG unmethylated dinucleotides; TLR5/dsRNA; TLR6/Zymosan;
TLR9/Flagellin
B. TLR3/dsRNA; TLR4/LPS; TLR5/Flagellin; TLR6/Zymosan; TLR9/CpG unmethylated
dinucleotides
C. TLR3/dsRNA; TLR4/LPS; TLR5/CpG unmethylated dinucleotides; TLR6/Flagellin;
TLR9/Zymosan
D. TLR3/CpG unmethylated dinucleotides; TLR4/Zymosan; TLR5/Flagellin; TLR6/LPS;
TLR9/dsRNA
E. TLR3/Zymosan; TLR4/LPS; TLR5/Flagellin; TLR6/dsRNA; TLR9/CpG unmethylated
dinucleotides - ANS-Answer: B
,Section: Induced Cellular Innate Responses
Difficulty: 1
Hint: Review Table 5-4.
10. Which of the following is an example of antagonism?
A. IL-2 stimulates B-cell proliferation so that antibodies are produced.
B. IL-4 causes B cells to differentiate into plasma and memory cells.
C. IL-4 and IL-5 cause class switching of immunoglobulins secreted by plasma cells.
D. IFN-ɣ prevents class switching in plasma cells by binding IL-4.
E. IL-12 stimulates activation of TH cells. - ANS-Answer: D
Section: General Properties of Cytokines and Chemokines
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Antagonism blocks a receptor or inhibits a signaling pathway.
10. Which transcription factor becomes translocated to the nucleus downstream of
calmodulin activation?
A. NF-κB
B. NFAT
C. STAT1
D. STAT2
E. STAT3 - ANS-Answer: B
Section: Common Strategies Used in Many Signaling Pathways
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Calcineurin acts on this transcription factor.
11. Chemokines often show redundancy in their signaling. Why might redundancy be
beneficially in multicellular organisms to starting certain immune responses?
A. Immune response can be up-regulated or down-regulated based on how many
chemokines are released.
B. Receiving multiple signals allows a double check before an immune response is
started.
C. Some signals target multiple cells and are nonspecific.
D. Inactivated cells do not bind chemokine signals.
E. A, B, and C - ANS-Answer: E
Section: General Properties of Cytokines and Chemokines
Difficulty: 3
, Hint: Redundancy repeats a specific chemical signal using more than one signaling
pathway.
11. G proteins:
A. bind GTP.
B. dephosphrylate ITAMs.
C. are transcription factors.
D. downmodulate immune responses.
E. are adhesion molecules. - ANS-Answer: A
Section: Common Strategies Used in Many Signaling Pathways
Difficulty: 2
Hint: G proteins are often associated with the membrane.
11. What level of gene expression is regulated by such factors as Notch1, GATA-2 and
Bmi-1?
A. Replication
B. Transcription
C. RNA processing
D. Translation
E. None of the above - ANS-Answer: B
Section: Cells of the Immune System
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Many cellular differentiation programs in the immune system are regulated by
master regulators that function early in gene expression.
11. Which of the following is NOT usually induced in response to TLR signaling?
A. TNF-α
B. IL-1
C. iNOS
D. IL-6
E. IL-4 - ANS-Answer: E
Section: Induced Cellular Innate Responses
Difficult: 2
Hint: TLR signaling often leads to inflammation.
12. Cytokines are grouped into functional families. How many families of cytokines are
identified to date?
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