Pharmacology correct answersstudy of the biological effect of chemicals
Drug correct answersa chemical that is introduced into the body that elicits or brings about a change
Pharmacotherapeutics/Clinical Pharmacology correct answersutilizes drugs for the treatment, prevention and diagnosis of...
The Story of the 3 P's
Pharmacology correct answersstudy of the biological effect of chemicals
Drug correct answersa chemical that is introduced into the body that elicits or brings about a change
Pharmacotherapeutics/Clinical Pharmacology correct answersutilizes drugs for the treatment, prevention and diagnosis of disease
-how drugs effect the body
-how the body responds to drugs
What is the nurses role? correct answers- to safely administer drugs
- monitor response
- provide patient/family teaching about the drug
- all made possible by first understanding
In order to safely administer drugs the nurse needs to know correct answers-Anticipated
action/results
-Indications
-Contraindications
-Potential adverse effects
-Correct dosage/route
-Required assessments
The 3 P's correct answers-Pharmaceutic Phase
-Pharmacokinetics
-Pharmacodynamics
Pharmaceutic Phase correct answers- Only solid oral drugs
- Disintegration & dissolution (Absorbability)
- Affected by: -Stomach pH -Enteric coating -Food
Pharmacokinetics correct answers- the study of the action of drugs within the body
- how the body deals with the drug
- drug movement to achieve drug action
Four processes of Pharmacokinetics correct answers- Absorption
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Excretion Absorption correct answersmovement from point of contact (GI tract, muscle, or tissue) into systemic circulation
Factors affecting absorption correct answers- Blood flow
- pH
- Pain/Stress (constricts blood vessels make it harder for blood to flow -> slows medication
- Age
- First Pass Effect
First Pass Effect correct answers- Drug passes through liver, via portal vein, before reaching systemic circulation
- Can reduce bioavailability of drug
Bioavailability correct answers% of actual administered drug dose that makes it to systemic circulation
- Oral never = 100%
- If drug changed from IV to oral dosage must be higher to obtain effect
Distribution correct answers-How does drug get to where it is going
-How much is available to tissue (bound/inactive vs. free/active)
-Pharmacologic effect dependent on: -Blood flow -Protein binding (albumin & globulin) -Serum albumin levels -Neonate and geriatric (less albumin binding sites) -Affinity for tissue
Age considerations for distribution correct answersPediatrics -more body fluid (lower concentration of drug) -less fat tissue (fat soluble drugs may require lower dosage) Geriatrics -less body fluid (higher concentration of drug) -more fat tissue (decreased desired effect)
Metabolism AKA Biotransformation correct answers- transforming a substance to a less active or inactive form
- preparation for excretion or clearance
Where does metabolism/biotransformation occur? correct answers- Liver (primary)
- GI tract, respiratory, and renal (Secondary)
Age considerations for metabolism correct answersPediatrics -<2 years old (decreased hepatic enzymes slower metabolism)
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