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MN553 Pharmacology Unit 6 2024/2025 graded A+
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MN553 Pharmacology Unit 6 2024/2025 graded A+
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MN553 Pharmacology Unit 6Causes of drug resistance - ANSPeople not completing their antibiotics/inappropriate use,
overuse of broad spectrum ABO's
Every ABO class has_____________________ - ANSresistance organisms
Vaccination with pneumococcal vaccine has - ANSdecreased resistance
Inhibits the biosynthesis of peptidogylcan bacterial cell wall, bactericidal: -
ANSPharmacodynamics of penicillin
4 classes of penicillin - ANSpenicillin, aminopenicillin, penicillinase-resistant-penicillins,
antipsuedomonal penicillins
Penicillin G, Aqueous penicillin G, Procaine Pcn G, Benzathine Pcn G, PCN V - ANSPenicillin
class, works on Strep group A&B (Gram+)
Ampicillin, Amoxicillin - ANSAminopenicillins, work better for gram -, also active against gram +
Methicillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin - ANSPenicillinase-resistant-penicillins (2nd
generation pcn)
penicillinase - ANSenzyme produced by bacteria that destroy the beta lactam rink of the
antibiotic making penicillin ineffective.
titarcillin Piperacillin - ANSAntipseudomonal penicillin's that are combined with calvulanate
Carbenicillin - ANSantipseudomonal penicillin
Bactericidial - ANSinhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis (PCN, Cephalosporins)
Diuretics - ANScan interact with PCN, hypo/hyperkalemia
Methotrexate - ANSinteract with PCN, increase Methotrexate level
Oral Contraceptives - ANSPCN may reduce efficacy
Probenecid - ANSinteract with pcn, delay renal elimination, increase blood levels
Tetracyclines - ANSInteract with PCN, due to bacteriostatic action of tetracycline
, Warfarin - ANSInteract with PCN, increase risk of bleedin
Beta Blockers - ANSinteract with ampicillin, reduces bioavailability
Allopurinol - ANSinteracts with ampicillin, more likely to develop rash
Cyclosporine - ANSinteracts with Nafcillin, produces subtherapeutic cyclosporine levels
Colestipol - ANSinteracts with PCN G by decreasing absorption
Cholestryramine - ANSinteracts with PCN, by decreasing absorption
antimicrobial therapy for bronchitis is appropriate when - ANScough of <3wks, and sputum
production and volume, sputum purulence, increased dypnea
ABECB - ANSAcute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
common organisms found in bronchitis - ANSh. influenzae, S. pneumonia, M.Pnuemonia, M.
Catarrhalis
1st line antibiotics for bronchitis - ANSAmoxicillin/clavulanic acid, macrolides, double-strength
sulamethoxazole/trimethprim
2nd line antibiotics for bronchitis - ANSLevofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin
(fluoroquinolone)
AOM - ANSAcute Otitis media
OME - ANSOtitis media with effusion
moderate to severe tympanic membrane bulging, onset of ear pain, intense redness of TM -
ANSAOM
presence of fluid in middle ear without acute illness - ANSOME
S.pneumonia, nontypeable H. influenza, M. Catarrhalis - ANSmost common bacteria for AOM,
sinusitis
1st line choice antibiotic for AOM - ANSAmoxicillin
875mg BID or 500mg TID - ANSAmoxicillin dosing for adults
80-90mg/kg/d in two or three divided doses - ANSAmoxicillin dosing for children
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