Nursing 3320: Exam 2 questions with Complete solutions
Pain definition Correct Answer-An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience
Pain is whatever and whenever the person says it is
Conceptual foundations Correct Answer-Pain has often been undertreated Recommendations that pain is considered the 5th vital sign
Inadequate treatment can result in a physiologic, psychological and emotional distress leading to chronic pain
Healthy people 2020 goal in pain management: Health related quality of life and well-being
Pain Perception: Transduction Correct Answer-injured tissue releases chemicals that affect nociceptors sending pain message up sensory neuron
Pain Perception: Transmission Correct Answer-Pain from nociceptors relays the pain from the spinal cord to the brain
Pain Perception: Perception Correct Answer-Pain perceived in the brain
Pain Perception:Modulation Correct Answer-Pain message is inhibited by brain stem neuron. Neuron release of endogenous neurotransmitters Nociception Correct Answer-how noxious stimuli are perceived as pain
Physiologic Responses to Pain Correct Answer--Anxiety, fear, suicide thoughts, hopelessness
• Focus on pain, reports of pain, cries and moans, frowns and facial grimaces
• Decrease in cognitive function, mental confusion, dilated pupils
• Increased heart rate, increased blood pressure
• Increased respiratory rate & sputum retention, resulting in infection & atelectasis
• Decreased gastric & intestinal motility
• Decreased urinary output --> retention
• Increasednhormone response, hyperglycemia • Muscle spasm
Pain Classification Correct Answer--Duration (How long)
-Etiology- acute, chronic (> 6 months) or cancer pain
-Location- Cutaneous, visceral (abdominal cavity), parietal (ligaments, tendons, and bones)
Nonverbal Behaviors Correct Answer-• Acute
- Guarding(protecting, as with acute abdominal pain), grimacing, moan, restless, diaphoresis, change in VS
• Chronic
- Adaptation. Bracing (supporting, as in
supporting a joint), rubbing, diminished activity, sighing, change in appetite, sleeping, irritability
Cancer Pain Box (p. 147) Correct Answer-• Can be acute (sudden & severe) or chronic > 3nmos.
• Includes somatic, visceral and neuropathicnpain
• Causes breakthrough pain
• Depends on type and stage of the cancer • May be triggered by blocked blood vessels or pressure on a nerve from
the tumor
• Side effects of Cancer tx such as surgery, radiation and chemotherapy include pain
• About 90% of clients with advanced cancer experience severe pain which is often undertreated
• Can result from: blocked blood, vessels, bone fracture from metastasis,
infection, inflammation, psych. problems, tx. side effects or tumor pressure on a nerve
Additional Classification Correct Answer-• Radiating pain:Perceived both at the source and extending to other tissues
• Referred pain: Perceived in body areas AWAY from the pain source
• Phantom pain: Perceived in nerves left by a missing, amputated or paralyzed body part
• Intractable pain: high resistance to pain relief
The 7 Dimension of Pain Assessment Correct Answer-1. Physical
2.Sensory
3. Behavioral
4. Sociocultural
5. Cognitive
