ONS/ONCC
Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy
Certificate
Lesson
1:
Foundations
to
Set
the
Stage
-
ANS
Focusing
on
Cellular
Structure
and
Function
-
ANS
The
Normal
Cell
Cycle
-
ANS
-The
cell
cycle
refers
to
the
ordered
series
of
processes
of
DNA
replication
and
mitosis,
or
cell
division
-Cell
nucleus
regulates
these
processes
by
gathering
and
processing
complexes
molecular
information
Interphase
and
Mitotic
Phase
-
ANS
Cell
division
produces
two
identical
cells
through
these
two
major
phases
During
interphase:
-
ANS
Cell
grows
and
DNA
is
replicated
through
the
following
three
steps:
1:
First
growth
phase
(G1
or
first
gap)
2:
Synthesis
phase
(S
phase)
3:Mitotic
Phase
(M
phase)
First
Growth
Phase
(G1
or
first
gap)
-
ANS
-cells
increase
in
size
-reproduce
RNA
-"quality
assurance"
test
that
the
cell
will
be
ready
to
synthesis
DNA -Length
of
time
is
variable,
can
be
from
hours
to
days
Synthesis
Phase
(S
phase)
-
ANS
-DNA
replicates
-Results
in
the
formation
of
identical
pairs
of
DNA
(chromatids)
-which
are
attached
a
t
the
centromere
-lasts
2-10
hours
Mitotic
Phase
(M
phase)
-
ANS
-Replicated
chromosomes
are
aligned,
separated,
and
move
into
2
new ,
identical
daughter
cells
-takes
about
30-60
minutes
Major
points
of
cell
regulation
are
entry
and
exit
from
-
ANS
-G1
checkpoint
-S
Phase
-G2
checkpoint
-M
phase
Restriction
Point
-
ANS
-The
transition
from
the
resting
phase
into
an
actively
dividing
phase
(G0-G1)
is
a
point
where
cellular
transformation
can
occur
-During
this
time,
cells
pass
through
a
transition
phase
known
as
a
restriction
point -Extracellular
growth
factors
trigger
reentry
into
G1,
and
GF
are
required
to
send
the
cells
past
the
restriction
point,
or
the
point
of
no
return
G0
Phase
(resting
phase)
-
ANS
-After
mitosis,
cells
may
enter
back
into
the
G1
phase
or
go
into
a
resting
phase,
known
as
G0
-Most
cells
in
the
human
body
reside
in
G0
-Exceptions
to
this
are
those
that
are
(Resting
in
G0
phase)
-
ANS
-Exceptions
to
this
are
those
that
are
metabollically
active,
such
as
-granulocytes
-and
the
epithelium
of
the
GI
tract
Cell
Cycling
T ime
-
ANS
Amount
of
time
from
mitosis
to
mitosis
Cell
cycle
video
and
image
-
ANS
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/ch
apter2/animation__how_the_cell_cycle_works.html
Check
points
in
the
Cell
Cycle:
Keeping
it
All
Under
Control
-
ANS
-The
cell
cycle
is
carefully
controlled
through
a
series
of
checkpoints
-V ariation
in
duplication
or
distribution
of
chromosomes
during
cell
division
can
alter
the
genetic
information
passed
on
to
daughter
cells,
leading
to
cellular
dysfunction
and
disease,
such
as
cancer
-These
checkpoints
monitor
for
DNA
integrity
and
control
progression
through
mitosis
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