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NCLEX Questions with correct answers -Pharmacology (with rationales)
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NCLEX Questions with correct answers -Pharmacology (with rationales)
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NCLEXQuestions-Pharmacology
(with
rationales)
A
nurse
is
caring
for
a
client
with
hyperparathyroidism
and
notes
that
the
client's
serum
calcium
level
is
13
mg/dL.
Which
medication
should
the
nurse
prepare
to
administer
as
prescribed
to
the
client?
1.
Calcium
chloride
2.
Calcium
gluconate
3.
Calcitonin
(Miacalcin)
4.
Large
doses
of
vitamin
D
-
ANSWER-3.
Calcitonin
(Miacalcin)
Rationale:
The
normal
serum
calcium
level
is
8.6
to
10.0
mg/dL.
This
client
is
experiencing
hypercalcemia.
Calcium
gluconate
and
calcium
chloride
are
medications
used
for
the
treatment
of
tetany,
which
occurs
as
a
result
of
acute
hypocalcemia.
In
hypercalcemia,
large
doses
of
vitamin
D
need
to
be
avoided.
Calcitonin,
a
thyroid
hormone,
decreases
the
plasma
calcium
level
by
inhibiting
bone
resorption
and
lowering
the
serum
calcium
concentration.
Oral
iron
supplements
are
prescribed
for
a
6-year-old
child
with
iron
deficiency
anemia.
The
nurse
instructs
the
mother
to
administer
the
iron
with
which
best
food
item?
1.
Milk
2.
Water
3.
Apple
juice
4.
Orange
juice
-
ANSWER-4.
Orange
juice
Rationale:
Vitamin
C
increases
the
absorption
of
iron
by
the
body.
The
mother
should
be
instructed
to
administer
the
medication
with
a
citrus
fruit
or
a
juice
that
is
high
in
vitamin
C.
Milk
may
affect
absorption
of
the
iron.
Water
will
not
assist
in
absorption.
Orange
juice
contains
a
greater
amount
of
vitamin
C
than
apple
juice. Salicylic
acid
is
prescribed
for
a
client
with
a
diagnosis
of
psoriasis.
The
nurse
monitors
the
client,
knowing
that
which
of
the
following
would
indicate
the
presence
of
systemic
toxicity
from
this
medication?
1.
Tinnitus
2.
Diarrhea
3.
Constipation
4.
Decreased
respirations
-
ANSWER-1.
Tinnitus
Rationale:
Salicylic
acid
is
absorbed
readily
through
the
skin,
and
systemic
toxicity
(salicylism)
can
result.
Symptoms
include
tinnitus,
dizziness,
hyperpnea,
and
psychological
disturbances.
Constipation
and
diarrhea
are
not
associated
with
salicylism.
A
client
with
severe
acne
is
seen
in
the
clinic
and
the
health
care
provider
(HCP)
prescribes
isotretinoin.
The
nurse
reviews
the
client's
medication
record
and
would
contact
the
(HCP)
if
the
client
is
taking
which
medication?
1.
Vitamin
A
2.
Digoxin
(Lanoxin)
3.
Furosemide
(Lasix)
4.
Phenytoin
(Dilantin)
-
ANSWER-1.
Vitamin
A
Rationale:
Isotretinoin
is
a
metabolite
of
vitamin
A
and
can
produce
generalized
intensification
of
isotretinoin
toxicity.
Because
of
the
potential
for
increased
toxicity,
vitamin
A
supplements
should
be
discontinued
before
isotretinoin
therapy.
Options
2,
3,
and
4
are
not
contraindicated
with
the
use
of
isotretinoin.
The
nurse
is
applying
a
topical
corticosteroid
to
a
client
with
eczema.
The
nurse
would
monitor
for
the
potential
for
increased
systemic
absorption
of
the
medication
if
the
medication
were
being
applied
to
which
of
the
following
body
areas?
1.
Back
2.
Axilla
3.
Soles
of
the
feet
4.
Palms
of
the
hands
-
ANSWER-2.
Axilla
Rationale:
Topical
corticosteroids
can
be
absorbed
into
the
systemic
circulation.
Absorption
is
higher
from
regions
where
the
skin
is
especially
permeable
(scalp,
axilla,
face, eyelids,
neck,
perineum,
genitalia),
and
lower
from
regions
in
which
permeability
is
poor
(back,
palms,
soles).
The
health
care
provider
has
prescribed
silver
sulfadiazine
(Silvadene)
for
the
client
with
a
partial-thickness
burn,
which
has
cultured
positive
for
gram-negative
bacteria.
The
nurse
is
reinforcing
information
to
the
client
about
the
medication.
Which
statement
made
by
the
client
indicates
a
lack
of
understanding
about
the
treatments?
1.
"The
medication
is
an
antibacterial."
2.
"The
medication
will
help
heal
the
burn."
3.
"The
medication
will
permanently
stain
my
skin."
4.
"The
medication
should
be
applied
directly
to
the
wound."
-
ANSWER-3.
"The
medication
will
permanently
stain
my
skin."
Rationale:
Silver
sulfadiazine
(Silvadene)
is
an
antibacterial
that
has
a
broad
spectrum
of
activity
against
gram-negative
bacteria,
gram-positive
bacteria,
and
yeast.
It
is
applied
directly
to
the
wound
to
assist
in
healing.
It
does
not
stain
the
skin.
The
client
with
metastatic
breast
cancer
is
receiving
tamoxifen.
The
nurse
specifically
monitors
which
laboratory
value
while
the
client
is
taking
this
medication?
1.
Glucose
level
2.
Calcium
level
3.
Potassium
level
4.
Prothrombin
time
-
ANSWER-2.
Calcium
level
Rationale:
Tamoxifen
may
increase
calcium,
cholesterol,
and
triglyceride
levels.
Before
the
initiation
of
therapy,
a
complete
blood
count,
platelet
count,
and
serum
calcium
levels
should
be
assessed.
These
blood
levels,
along
with
cholesterol
and
triglyceride
levels,
should
be
monitored
periodically
during
therapy.
The
nurse
should
assess
for
hypercalcemia
while
the
client
is
taking
this
medication.
Signs
of
hypercalcemia
include
increased
urine
volume,
excessive
thirst,
nausea,
vomiting,
constipation,
hypotonicity
of
muscles,
and
deep
bone
and
flank
pain.
A
nurse
is
caring
for
a
client
after
thyroidectomy
and
notes
that
calcium
gluconate
is
prescribed
for
the
client.
The
nurse
determines
that
this
medication
has
been
prescribed
to:
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