,Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology
Banasik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a
pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3 F, skin rash,
dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat, malaise,
and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been prescribed.
The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is
a. a sore throat.
b. streptococcal infection.
c. genetic susceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat is the
manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tendency to develop a
disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a clinical manifestation of the
disease process.
2. A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes
meningitis. This is an example of
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: A
NURSINGTB.COM
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
susceptible individuals by providing vaccination. Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening,
and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and
,attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves
management of the disease once it has developed.
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise
program. This is an example of
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such as
prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity.
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to
alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the
disease once it has developed.
4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium
intake. This is an example of
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease, such as by
prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by
altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes
rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning.
Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed.
, 5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-lowering
medication. This is an example of
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: C
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and
restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-lowering
medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering
susceptibility or reducing expUosuSre fNor sTusceptibOle individuals. Secondary prevention is the
early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment involves management of
the disease once it has developed.
6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of
this disease. This stage of illness is called the stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the first
appearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called the incubation
(latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset
of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise, anorexia, and nausea, which are
associated with a number of different diseases.
Sequela refers to subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is the stage
of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
7. A disease that is native to a particular region is called
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
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