Embryo and neonate weeks 3-4
A primitive milk streak running bilaterally from axilla to groin
Embryo and neonate
Weeks 4-5
Milk streak becomes mammary milk ridge or milk line . Paired breasts develop from this line of glandular tissue
Embryo and neonate weeks 7/8
Thickening an...
Ibclc
Embryo and neonate weeks 3-4 - Answer A primitive milk streak running bilaterally from
axilla to groin
Embryo and neonate
Weeks 4-5 - Answer Milk streak becomes mammary milk ridge or milk line . Paired
breasts develop from this line of glandular tissue
Embryo and neonate weeks 7/8 - Answer Thickening and inward growth into chest wall
continue
Embryo and neonate weeks 12-16 - Answer Specialized cells differentiate into smooth
muscle of nipple and areola
- epithelial cells develop into mammary buds
- epithelial branches form to eventually become alveoli
Embryo and neonate weeks 15-25 - Answer Epithelial strips are formed which represent
future secretory alveoli
- lactiferous ducts and their branches form and open into a shallow epithelial depression
known as the mammary pit
- the mammary pit becomes elevated forming the nipple and the areola
- an inverted nipple results when the pit fails to elevate
Embryo and neonate
After 32 weeks - Answer A lumen ( canal ) forms in each part of the branching system
Embryo and neonate
Near term - Answer 15-25 mammary ducts form the fetal mammary gland
Neonate - Answer - galactorrhea ( witch's milk ) : secretion of colostral like fluid neonate
mammary tissue resulting from influence of maternal hormones
- recommended not to express neonatal colostrum because this might lead to mastitis in
the newborn
Puberty - Answer 1. Breasts keep pace with general physical growth
2. Growth of the breast parenchyma produces ducts , lobes, alveoli, and surrounding fat
pad
3. Onset of menses at 10-12 continues development of the breast
- primary and secondary ducts grow and divide .
- terminal end buds form , which later become alveoli (small sacs where milk is secreted
) in the mature breast
- proliferation and active growth of duct tissue takes place during each period and
continues to about 35 years of age
Pregnancy breast
Development - Answer 1. Complete development of mammary function occurs only in
pregnancy
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2. Breast size increases , skin appears thinner , and veins become more prominent
3. Areola diameter increases - Montgomery glands enlarge , and nipple pigment
darkens
Anomalies in breast
Development - Answer 1. Illnesses, chemo, therapeutic radiation to the chest , chest
surgery , or injuries to the chest might affect development
2. Programmed apoptosis ( cell death ) has been suggested as one reason for lower
breast cancer rates in bf women
Exterior breast - Answer Located in the superficial fascia ( fibrous tissue beneath skin)
between 2nd rib and 6th intercostal space
Tail of spence - Answer Mammary glandular tissue that projects into the axillary region
- distinguished from the supernumerary tissue because it connects to the duct system
- potential are of milk pooling and mastitis
Skin surface of
Breast contains - Answer Nipple, areola, and Montgomery glands
Size - Answer Not related to functional capacity
Gives breast it's
Shape and size - Answer Fat composition
Size may indicate - Answer Milk storage potential
Nipple - Answer Conical elevation located slightly below center of areola
Average diameter of
Nipple - Answer 1.6cm
Average length of
Nipple - Answer 0.7 cm
Hoe many milk
Duct openings
In nipple - Answer 5-10
Smooth muscle fibers
Function as a - Answer Closure mechanism to keep milk from continuously leaking from
the nipple
The nipple is
Densely innervated
With - Answer Sensory nerve endings
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What makes the nipple erect when contracted - Answer Longitudinal inner muscles and
outer circular and radial muscles
Venostasis - Answer Slows blood flow and decreases surface area
Areola - Answer Dark pigmented area that surrounds the nipple - elastic like nipple
Average diameter
Of areola - Answer 6.4 cm
Areola is constructed
Of - Answer Smooth muscle and collagenous , elastic , connective tissue fibers in radial
and circular arrangement
How does the nipple
Aid infant in latching - Answer Becomes smaller , firmer, and more prominent
What happens to
Areola in pregnancy - Answer Darkens and enlarges
Where are montgomerys tubercules located - Answer Around the areola
The Montgomery tubercules contain - Answer Ductal openings of the sebaceous and
lactiferous glands and sweat glands
What happens to Montgomery glands in pregnancy - Answer They enlarge and
resemble small , raised pimples
The Montgomery glands secrete ? - Answer A substance that lubricates and protects
the nipple
Some secrete a small amount of milk
Secretions of the Montgomery gland may produce ? - Answer A scent to help the infant
locate the nipple
Parenchyma are - Answer Functional parts of the breast
Alveoli are ? - Answer ( acini) are the basic components of the mature mammary gland .
Secretory cells in which the milk is produced
Lactocytes ( specialized epithelial cells ) that line the interior of the alveolus do ? -
Answer Absorb nutrients , immunoglobulin, and hormones from the mothers
bloodstream to compose milk
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Prolactin receptor sites in the lactocytes Allow? - Answer Prolactin to be absorbed from
the blood and enter into the alveoli to stimulate milk production
Myoepithelial cells do what ? - Answer Encase the alveoli and contact in response to
oxytocin to eject milk into ductules
How many lobes does the breast contain - Answer 15-25 that carry the milk through the
ductules from the alveoli to the nipple
Each lobe contains how many alveoli - Answer 10-100 in an intricate system of ductules
that branch out from the lobes to converge into lactiferous ducts behind the nipple
Ultrasound of lobes shows? - Answer Connections between lobes
What do ducts do in response to milk ejection - Answer Temporarily widen
What do ducts do in response to duct drainage - Answer Narrow
What happens to milk that is not removed - Answer It flows backward up the collecting
ducts
Lactiferous ducts lead to - Answer 5-10 openings in the nipple
Stroma - Answer Supporting tissues of the breast
Stroma include - Answer Connective tissue , fat tissue, blood vessels , nerves, and
lymphatics
Coopers ligaments are - Answer Suspensory ligaments running vertically through the
breast
What do coopers ligaments do - Answer Attach the deep layer of subcutaneous tissue
to the dermis layer of the skin
The breast is highly - Answer Vascular
What supplies 60%of blood to the breast - Answer Internal mammary artery
What supplies 30%of blood to the breast - Answer Lateral thoracic artery
Blood vessels within the breast do ? - Answer Enlarge
What stimulates growth of the ducts - Answer Surges of estrogen
What causes glandular tissue to expand ? - Answer Surges of progesterone
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