CSCS Exam Practice Questions 2018, NSCA CSCS - Study Review
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Course
CSCS
Institution
CSCS
Skeletal System Composition
206 Bones in adult body
provides leverage, support, and protection
Pulled on by muscles to allow the body to push or pull against external objects
Axial Skeleton
Skull, Vertebral Column, Ribs and Sternum
00:40
01:35
Appendicular Skeleton
Shoulder G...
CSCS Exam Practice Questions 2018,
NSCA CSCS - Study Review
Skeletal System Composition - Answer 206 Bones in adult body
provides leverage, support, and protection
Pulled on by muscles to allow the body to push or pull against external objects
Axial Skeleton - Answer Skull, Vertebral Column, Ribs and Sternum
Appendicular Skeleton - Answer Shoulder Girdle; bones of arms, wrists, hands, and
pelvic girdle; bones of legs, ankles, and feet
Joints - Answer Junctions of bones
Fibrous Joint - Answer Allows virtually no movement (Sutures of skull)
Cartilaginous Joint - Answer Allows limited movement (intervetebral)
Synovial Joint - Answer Allows considerable movement (elbows/knees)
Uniaxial - Answer Hinge, rotate around one axis (elbow)
Biaxial - Answer Operate in two perpendicular planes (ankle/wrist)
Multiaxial - Answer Allow movement in all three axes (shoulder/hip)
Skeletal Muscle Striated appearance - Answer Arrangement of Actin (thin) and Myosin
(thick)
Sliding-Filament Theory of Muscular Contraction - Answer Actin filament at each end of
the sarcomere slide inward on the myosin filaments, pulling the Z-discs towards the M-
line/center of the sarcomere (shortening the muscle fiber)
Maximal Contraction of Myofibril - Answer Low force potential due to reduced
crossbridge-actin alignment
Muscle Action Potential - Answer Release acetylcholine
Activation of ACh receptors
Production of muscle action potential
,CSCS Exam Practice Questions 2018,
NSCA CSCS - Study Review
Termination of ACh activity (rapidly broken down by AChE)
Excitation-Contraction Coupling - Answer Increase in Ca2+ concentration in the muscle
starts contraction
Decrease in Ca2+ stops it
Action Potentials causes Ca2+ to be released from the SR into the muscle cell
Muscle cell membrane pumps Ca2+ back into SR
Myosin binding sites are covered and the muscle relaxes
Contraction cycle - Answer ATP hydrolysis
Formation of cross-bridges = myosin attaches to myosin binding sites on actin
Power Stroke = crossbridges rotate, sliding the filaments
Detachment of myosin from Actin = as the next ATP binds to the myosin head the
myosin head detaches from binding site
Cycle will continue as long as ATP and Ca2+ Levels are high
Force Production of a Muscle - Answer Dictated by the number of crossbridges that are
formed between actin and myosin
Crossbridge Cycling - Answer ATP and Calcium are necessary to cycle the actin and
myosin filaments
Activation of Muscle - Answer Arrival of the action potential at the nerve terminal causes
the release of acetylcholine, once a sufficient amount of acetylcholine is released an
action potential is generated across the sarcolemma and the fiber contracts
Muscles with precision - Answer May have as few as one muscle fiber per motor nueron
Muscles that require less precision - Answer May have several hundred fibers served by
one motor neuron
All-or-None principle - Answer All the muscle fibers in a motor unit contract and develop
force at the same time
Stimulated Motor Unit - Answer Twitch
Twitch Summation
Tetanus of motor unit
Muscle Fiber types - Answer Type 1 (slow twitch)
Type 2a (fast twitch)
, CSCS Exam Practice Questions 2018,
NSCA CSCS - Study Review
Type 2x (fast-twitch)
Muscle Fibers vary in their content of myoglobin - Answer Red muscle fibers have HIGH
myoglobin content
White muscle fibers have LOW myoglobin content
Type 1 - Answer Slow Oxidative fibers
Smallest in diameter
Least powerful
Red muscle fiber
Generate ATP by aerobic cellular respiration
High Resistant to fatigue
Posture, endurance-type activities
Type 2a - Answer Fast Oxidative-Glycolytic Fibers
Intermediate in diameter
Red muscle fiber
Generate ATP by cellular respiration and anaerobic glycolysis
Moderate resistance to fatigue
Type 2x - Answer Fast Glycolytic Fibers
Largest in diameter
Generate most powerful contractions
White muscle fiber
Few blood capillaries/mitochondria
Generate ATP through Glycolysis
Fatigue quickly
Intense anaerobic movements of short duration
Motor Units Composed of - Answer Muscle fibers with specific morphological and
physiological characteristics that determine their functional capacity
Force Output Variation - Answer Change in frequency of activation of individual motor
units of the number of activated motor units
Proprioceptors - Answer Specialized sensory receptors that provide the central nervous
system with information needed to maintain muscle tone and perform complex
coordinated movements
Muscle Spindles - Answer When a muscle is stretched the muscle spindle activates the
sensory neuron, sends an impulse to the spinal cord, synapses with motor neuron
causing muscle to contract
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