ESL 154 CERTIFICATION TEST
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Content-Based Language Instruction - ANS ✔combines information,
hands-on tasks and instructional techniques and uses these tools to
develop language skills, learn subject matter and acquire cognitive and
study skills.
Sheltered Instruction - ANS ✔is used to help students with limited or
non-existent English proficiency. They are taught content in their native
language and then move to instruction in English (grammar, vocabulary,
etc.) with the goal being to mainstream them as quickly as possible.
Language Across The Curriculum - ANS ✔is content-based teaching that
deliberately coordinates English language instruction (grammar,
vocabulary, pronunciation, etc.) in all classes no matter what the subject
matter. Sometimes this program uses an integrated curriculum approach;
sometimes it uses a team teaching approach and sometimes a combination
of the two.
Individual assessments - ANS ✔focus on the progress each student made
during a defined period of time. Written assignments, oral presentations
and class participation are incorporated to obtain a broader, more realistic
view of progress. Students and parents easily understand individual
assessments.
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Positive aspects of individual assessments - ANS ✔• They provide
feedback about the student's strengths and weaknesses and can help
motivate him/her to work harder and take more responsibility for learning.
Students sometimes set personal goals and expectations. Individual
assessments help them measure their success.
• These evaluations provide the teacher insight into any special help
the student might need.
Negative aspects to individual assessments - ANS ✔o They can
encourage a competitive environment in which some students are unable
to compete effectively.
o It makes it difficult to evaluate students' ability to work with a team
and judge their interaction with others; both of which are important
in the acclimation of ESL students.
Individual assessments offer what... - ANS ✔...a broad, realistic view of
the student's understanding
Evaluation standards are: - ANS ✔self-referenced (based on previous
progress); criterion-referenced (based on a defined school or district
standard);
and norm-referenced (based on the progress of groups of students the
same age or grade level).
Anecdotal Records - ANS ✔-are written observations of day-to-day
activities.
-Observations need to be made frequently, incidents described
completely and objectively and the analysis should be used as a guide
for appropriate responses.
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-Both successful situations and unsuccessful attempts need to be
recorded in order to present an accurate picture
An Observation Checklist - ANS ✔a group of specific skills, behaviors,
attitudes and processes relevant to a student's development.
They can be used to measure the growth of knowledge, change in
attitude or understanding of new skills.
Checklists need to be used frequently, collected over a period of time
and all occurrences of each item on the list recorded.
Rating Scales - ANS ✔measure the quality of performance based on
specific criteria on a predetermined continuum.
It is particularly useful for rating oral presentations and for students
to use as a self-assessment tool.
To increase the scale's reliability, when developing the criteria, the
activity needs to be broken into specific, manageable parts.
Each criterion may need its own rating system.
INCREASE COMPREHENSIBILITY by.... - ANS ✔-using pictures, props,
gestures and voice variations to explain and demonstrate the subject.
-Use short sentences and avoid slang and idioms.
-Build on the language concepts the student already has.
ENCOURAGE INTERACTION by... - ANS ✔-asking questions and assigning
group activities (only with students willing and able to respond to the
unique requirements).
ESL 154 CERTIFICATION TEST
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