Vitamin D - answers required for absorption of 75% of dietary calcium, need 10-15% of
UV exposure
DEXA scan criteria - answers osteoporosis = -2.5 and higher (more neg)
osteopenia = -1 - -2.4 (low bone mineral density)
Risk Factors for Osteoporosis - answers postmenopause, >50 years old, previous fx,
low body mass, >calcium, >vitamin D, tobacco and alcohol use, immobilization, no
physical activity, osteoporosis, conditions, medications
Rickets - answers Vitamin D deficiency in children
Osteomalacia - answers Vitamin D deficiency in adults
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (Trethowan's Sign) - answers in children, Kleins line
doesn't go through femoral head
Group A Lateral Pillar (Herring) - answers full height, good outcome
Group B Lateral Pillar (Herring) - answers not hit full height, poor outcome > 6 years
Group C Lateral Pillar (Herring) - answers poor outcome
Group D lateral Pillar (Herring) - answers poor outcome in all pt
Ottowas Knee Rules - answers after trauma, >55 years old, patellar tenderness,
tenderness at head of fibula, inability to flex knee to 90 degrees, cant bear weight 4
steps, w/in 4 years of trauma
, Ottowas Ankle Rules - answers > 55 years, tenderness over posterior edge of tip of
malleolus, can't bear weight
Ottowas Foot Rules - answers tenderness at base of 5th metatarsal, tenderness at
navicular, can't bear weight 4 steps
Bladder or bowel dysfunction and saddle anesthesia lead to - answers cauda equina
syndrome
Torticollis - answers contracture of SCM, unilateral, results in abnormal positioning of
the head
Congenital Torticollis - answers most common, interuterine positioning or trauma,
breech, hip dysplasia, 2-4 week appearance, mobile mass at 4-6 weeks, resolves 1-2
years
Aquired Torticollis - answers older children, infection, begin paroxysmal
Pars Defect - answers defect in base of posterior process of vert
Spondylolysis - answers par fracture but not dislocated
Spondylolisthesis - answers pars fracture and dislocated
Occurence of scoliosis between boys and girls - answers begins in childhood - boys =
girls
after 10 years - girls more 5-1 or 7-1
Nursemaid's Elbow correction - answers active hyperextension and supine positioning
of affected forearm
Ortolani Test - answers return dislocated femoral head into acetabiulum (fingers under
femoral head and push ant)
Barlow Test - answers check normally placed femoral head is dislocatable (fngers
under femur head and pust post)
Galezzi Test - answers check asymmetry of height of knees when child is lying supine
and hips at 90 degrees
What does the Palvik Harness do for hip dysplasia pt? - answers keep hip in abduction
Males vs Females in Bowlegs and Knock-Knees - answers males: 4x bowlegs than
females (genu varum)
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